Narrated Aishah: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: The right of inheritance belongs to only to the one who paid the price (of the slave) and patronised him by doing an act of gratitude.

حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ الْأَسْوَدِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ "الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْطَى الثَّمَنَ وَوَلِيَ النِّعْمَةَ".

Narrated Amr bin Suhaib: On his father's authority, said that his grandfather reported: Rabab ibn Hudhayfah married a woman and three sons were born to him from her. Their mother then died. They inherited her houses and had the right of inheritance of her freed slaves. Amr ibn al-As was the agnate of her sons. He sent them to Syria where they died. Amr ibn al-As then came. A freed slave of hers died and left some property. Her brothers disputed with him and brought the case to Umar ibn al-Khattab. Umar reported the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: Whatever property a son or a father receives as an heir will go to his agnates, whoever they may be. He then wrote a document for him, witnessed by Abdur Rahman ibn Awf, Zayd ibn Thabit and one other person. When AbdulMalik became caliph, they presented the case to Hisham ibn Ismail or Ismail ibn Hisham (the narrator is doubtful). He sent them to Abd al-Malik who said: This is the decision which I have already seen. The narrator said: So he (Abd al-Malik) made the decision on the basis of the document of Umar ibn al-Khattab, and that is still with us till this moment.

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي الْحَجَّاجِ أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَارِثِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ حُسَيْنٍ الْمُعَلِّمِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِيهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ جَدِّهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّ رِئَابَ بْنَ حُذَيْفَةَ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةَ غِلْمَةٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَمَاتَتْ أُمُّهُمْ فَوَرَّثُوهَا رِبَاعَهَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَوَلَاءَ مَوَالِيهَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَكَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ عَصَبَةَ بَنِيهَا فَأَخْرَجَهُمْ إِلَى الشَّامِ فَمَاتُوا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَدَّمَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ وَمَاتَ مَوْلًى لَهَا وَتَرَكَ مَالًا لَهُ فَخَاصَمَهُ إِخْوَتُهَا إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ عُمَرُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ "مَا أَحْرَزَ الْوَلَدُ أَوِ الْوَالِدُ فَهُوَ لِعَصَبَتِهِ مَنْ كَانَ"، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ فَكَتَبَ لَهُ كِتَابًا فِيهِ شَهَادَةُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَرَجُلٍ آخَرَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَلَمَّا اسْتُخْلِفَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ اخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيل، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَوْ إِلَى إِسْمَاعِيل بْنِ هِشَامٍ فَرَفَعَهُمْ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ هَذَا مِنَ الْقَضَاءِ الَّذِي مَا كُنْتُ أَرَاهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ فَقَضَى لَنَا بِكِتَابِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ فَنَحْنُ فِيهِ إِلَى السَّاعَةِ.

Narrated Tamim ad-Dari: Tamim asked: Messenger of Allah), what is the sunnah about a man who accepts Islam by advice and persuasion of a Muslim? He replied: He is the nearest to him in life and in death.

حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَوْهَبٍ الرَّمْلِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وهِشَامُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَا:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد وَهُوَ ابْنُ حَمْزَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَوْهَبٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏يُحَدِّثُ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ ذُؤَيْبٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ هِشَامٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ تَمِيمٍ الدَّارِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّهُ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقَالَ يَزِيدُ: إِنَّ تَمِيمًا قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا السُّنَّةُ فِي الرَّجُلِ يُسْلِمُ عَلَى يَدَيِ الرَّجُلِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ؟ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "هُوَ أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بِمَحْيَاهُ وَمَمَاتِهِ".

Narrated Ibn Umar: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade selling or giving away the right to inheritance by a manumitted slave.

حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْوَلَاءِ وَعَنْ هِبَتِهِ".

Narrated Abu Hurairah: The Prophet ﷺ said: When an infant has raised its voice (and then dies), it will be treated as an heir.

حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الأَعْلَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ إِسْحَاق، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قُسَيْطٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "إِذَا اسْتَهَلَّ الْمَوْلُودُ وُرِّثَ".

Narrated Ibn Abbas: To those also, to whom your right hand was pledged, give their due portion. A man made an agreement with another man (in early days of Islam), and there was no relationship between the ; one of them inherited from the other. The following verse of Surat Al-Anfal abrogated it: "But kindred by blood have prior right against each other. "

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِيهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍرَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ 0 وَالَّذِينَ عَاقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَآتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ 0، ‏‏‏‏‏‏كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُحَالِفُ الرَّجُلَ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُمَا نَسَبٌ فَيَرِثُ أَحَدُهُمَا الآخَرَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَنَسَخَ ذَلِكَ الأَنْفَالُ فَقَالَ تَعَالَى:‏‏‏‏ وَأُولُو الأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ سورة الأنفال آية 75.

Ibn Abbas explained the following Quranic verse: "To those also, to whom your right hand was pledged, give your portion. " When the Emigrants came to Madina. they inherited from the Helpers without any blood-relationship with them for the brotherhood which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ established between them. When the following verse was revealed: "To (benefit) everyone we have appointed shares and heirs to property left by parent and relatives. " it abrogated the verse: "To those also, to whom your right hand was pledged, give their due portion. " This alliance was made for help, well wishing and cooperation. Now a legacy can be made for him. (The right to)inheritance was abolished.

حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنِي إِدْرِيسُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا طَلْحَةُ بْنُ مُصَرِّفٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى:‏‏‏‏ 0 وَالَّذِينَ عَاقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَآتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ 0، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ كَانَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ حِينَ قَدِمُوا الْمَدِينَةَ تُوَرَّثُ الأَنْصَارَ دُونَ ذَوِي رَحِمِهِ لِلأُخُوَّةِ الَّتِي آخَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَالِيَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ نَسَخَتْهَا وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ فَآتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ سورة النساء آية 33، ‏‏‏‏‏‏مِنَ النَّصْرِ وَالنَّصِيحَةِ وَالرِّفَادَةِ وَيُوصِي لَهُ وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ الْمِيرَاثُ.

Narrated Dawud bin al-Husain: I used to learn the reading of the Quran from Umm Saad, daughter of al-Rabi. She was an orphan in the guardianship of Abu Bakr. I read the Quranic verse "To those also to whom your right hand was pledged. " She said: Do not read the verse; "To those also to whom your right hand was pledged. " This was revealed about Abu Bakr and his son Abdur-Rahman when he refused to accept Islam. Abu Bakr took an oath that he would not give him a share from inheritance. When he embraced Islam Allah Most High commanded His Prophet ﷺ to give him the share. The narrator Abd al-Aziz added: He did not accept Islam until he was urged on Islam by sword. Abu Dawud said: He who narrated the word 'aqadat means a pact ; and he who narrated the word 'aaqadat means the party who made a pact. The correct is the tradition of Talhah ('aaqadat).

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَعَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْمَعْنَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ أَحْمَدُ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ابْنِ إِسْحَاق، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ كُنْتُ أَقْرَأُ عَلَى أُمِّ سَعْدٍ بِنْتِ الرَّبِيعِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَكَانَتْ يَتِيمَةً فِي حِجْرِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَرَأْتُ 0 وَالَّذِينَ عَاقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ 0، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَتْ:‏‏‏‏ لَا تَقْرَأْ 0 وَالَّذِينَ عَاقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ 0 وَلَكِنْ وَالَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ سورة النساء آية 33، ‏‏‏‏‏‏إِنَّمَا نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَ ابْنِهِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ حِينَ أَبَى الْإِسْلَامَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَحَلَفَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَلَّا يُوَرِّثَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمَ أَمَرَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى نَبِيَّهُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَام أَنْ يُؤْتِيَهُ نَصِيبَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏زَادَ عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ فَمَا أَسْلَمَ حَتَّى حُمِلَ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ بِالسَّيْفِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد:‏‏‏‏ مَنْ قَالَ عَقَدَتْ جَعَلَهُ حِلْفًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَمَنْ قَالَ عَاقَدَتْ جَعَلَهُ حَالِفًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَالصَّوَابُ حَدِيثُ طَلْحَةَ عَاقَدَتْ.

Narrated Ibn Abbas: Referring to the verse: "Those who believed and adopted exile. . . As to those who believed but came not into exile": A bedouin (who did not migrate to Madina) did not inherit from an emigrant, and an emigrant did no inherit from him. It was abrogated by the verse: "But kindred by blood have prior rights against each other. "

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِيهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رضي الله عنهما، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَهَاجَرُوا سورة الأنفال آية 74 وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يُهَاجِرُوا سورة الأنفال آية 72، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَكَانَ الأَعْرَابِيُّ لَا يَرِثُ الْمُهَاجِرَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَلَا يَرِثُهُ الْمُهَاجِرُ فَنَسَخَتْهَا فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ وَأُولُو الأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ سورة الأنفال آية 75.

Narrated Jubair bin Mutim: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: There is no alliance in Islam, and Islam strengthened the alliance made during pre-Islamic days.

حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وأبو أسامة، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ زَكَرِيَّا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِيهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ "لَا حِلْفَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَأَيُّمَا حِلْفٍ كَانَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ لَمْ يَزِدْهُ الإِسْلَامُ إِلَّا شِدَّةً".