Narrated Adi ibn Umayrah al-Kindi: The Prophet ﷺ said: O people, if any of you is put in an administrative post on our behalf and conceals from us a needle or more, he is acting unfaithfully, and will bring it on the Day of Resurrection. A black man from the Ansar, as if I am seeing him, stood and said: Messenger of Allah, take back from me my post. He asked: What is that? He replied: I heard you say such and such. He said: And I say that. If we appoint anyone to an office, he must bring what is connected with it, both little and much. What he is given, he may take, and he must refrain from what is kept away from him.

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيل بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنِي قَيْسٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنِي عَدِيُّ بْنُ عُمَيْرَةَ الْكِنْدِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏مَنْ عُمِّلَ مِنْكُمْ لَنَا عَلَى عَمَلٍ فَكَتَمَنَا مِنْهُ مِخْيَطًا فَمَا فَوْقَهُ فَهُوَ غُلٌّ يَأْتِي بِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ مِنِ الْأَنْصَارِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَسْوَدُ كَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏اقْبَلْ عَنِّي عَمَلَكَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ وَمَا ذَاكَ ؟، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ سَمِعْتُكَ تَقُولُ:‏‏‏‏ كَذَا وَكَذَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ وَأَنَا أَقُولُ ذَلِكَ مَنِ اسْتَعْمَلْنَاهُ عَلَى عَمَلٍ فَلْيَأْتِ بِقَلِيلِهِ وَكَثِيرِهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَمَا أُوتِيَ مِنْهُ أَخَذَهُ وَمَا نُهِيَ عَنْهُ انْتَهَى".

Narrated Ali ibn Abu Talib: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me to the Yemen as judge, and I asked: Messenger of Allah, are you sending me when I am young and have no knowledge of the duties of a judge? He replied: Allah will guide your heart and keep your tongue true. When two litigants sit in front of you, do not decide till you hear what the other has to say as you heard what the first had to say; for it is best that you should have a clear idea of the best decision. He said: I had been a judge (for long); or he said (the narrator is doubtful): I have no doubts about a decision afterwards.

حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْنٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَخْبَرَنَا شَرِيكٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ حَنَشٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَلِيّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ قَاضِيًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقُلْتُ:‏‏‏‏ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏تُرْسِلُنِي وَأَنَا حَدِيثُ السِّنِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَلَا عِلْمَ لِي بِالْقَضَاءِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَيَهْدِي قَلْبَكَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَيُثَبِّتُ لِسَانَكَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَإِذَا جَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ الْخَصْمَانِ فَلَا تَقْضِيَنَّ حَتَّى تَسْمَعَ مِنِ الْآخَرِ كَمَا سَمِعْتَ مِنِ الْأَوَّلِ فَإِنَّهُ أَحْرَى أَنْ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الْقَضَاءُ"، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ فَمَا زِلْتُ قَاضِيًا أَوْ مَا شَكَكْتُ فِي قَضَاءٍ بَعْدُ.

Umm Salamah reported the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: "I am only a human being, and you bring your disputes to me, some perhaps being more eloquent in their plea than others, so that I give judgement on their behalf according to what I hear from them. Therefore, whatever I decide fr anyone which by right belongs to his brother, he must not take anything, for I am granting him only a portion of Hell.

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَتْ:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ "إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ وَإِنَّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ إِلَيَّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَلَعَلَّ بَعْضَكُمْ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَلْحَنَ بِحُجَّتِهِ مِنْ بَعْضٍ فَأَقْضِيَ لَهُ عَلَى نَحْوِ مَا أَسْمَعُ مِنْهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَمَنْ قَضَيْتُ لَهُ مِنْ حَقِّ أَخِيهِ بِشَيْءٍ فَلَا يَأْخُذْ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَإِنَّمَا أَقْطَعُ لَهُ قِطْعَةً مِنَ النَّار".

Umm Salamah said: Two men came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who were disputing over their inheritance. They had no evidence except their claim. The Prophet ﷺ then said in a similar way. Thereupon both the men wept and each of them said: This right of mine go to you. The Prophet ﷺ then said: Now you have done whatever you have done ; do divide it up, aiming at what is right, then drew lots, and let each of you consider the other to have what is legitimately his"

حَدَّثَنَا الرَّبِيعُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ أَبُو تَوْبَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ مَوْلَى أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَتْ:‏‏‏‏ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَجُلَانِ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي مَوَارِيثَ لَهُمَا لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ إِلَّا دَعْوَاهُمَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ فَذَكَرَ مِثْلَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَبَكَى الرَّجُلَانِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقَالَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا:‏‏‏‏ حَقِّي لَكَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ لَهُمَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ أَمَّا إِذْ فَعَلْتُمَا مَا فَعَلْتُمَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَاقْتَسِمَا وَتَوَخَّيَا الْحَقَّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ اسْتَهَمَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ تَحَالَّا.

Umm Salamah reported the Prophet ﷺ as saying when two men were disputing over inheritance and old things: I decide between you on the basis of my opinion in cases about which no revelation has been sent down to me.

حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُوسَى الرَّازِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا أُسَامَةُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ رَافِعٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ سَمِعْتُ أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏بِهَذَا الْحَدِيث، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ يَخْتَصِمَانِ فِي مَوَارِيثَ وَأَشْيَاءَ قَدْ دَرَسَتْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ إِنِّي إِنَّمَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمْ بِرَأْيِي فِيمَا لَمْ يُنْزَلْ عَلَيَّ فِيهِ.

Narrated Umar ibn al-Khattab: Umar said while he was (sitting) on the pulpit: O people, the opinion from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was right, because Allah showed (i. e. inspired) him; but from us it is sheer conjecture and artifice.

حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ الْمَهْرِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِرَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَوَ هُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَر:‏‏‏‏ "يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏إِنَّ الرَّأْيَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مُصِيبًا لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ يُرِيهِ وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنَّا الظَّنُّ وَالتَّكَلُّفُ".

Narrated Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave the decision that the two adversaries should be made to sit in front of the judge.

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا مُصْعَبُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّ الْخَصْمَيْنِ يَقْعُدَانِ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْحَكَمِ".

Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakrah reported on the authority of his father that he wrote to his son: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: A judge should not decide between the two while he is in anger.

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِيهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّهُ كَتَبَ إِلَى ابْنِهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ "لَا يَقْضِي الْحَكَمُ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَهُوَ غَضْبَانُ".

Ibn Abbas said: The Quranic verse: "If they do come to thee, either judge between them, or decline to interfere" was abrogated by the verse: "So judge between them by what Allah hath revealed. "

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُسَيْنٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِيهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ عِكْرِمَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "فَإِنْ جَاءُوكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ سورة المائدة آية 42، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَنُسِخَتْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سورة المائدة آية 48".

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: When this verse was revealed: "If they do come to thee, either judge between them, or decline to interfere. . . . If thou judge, judge in equity between them. " Banu an-Nadir used to pay half blood-money if they killed any-one from Banu Qurayzah. When Banu Qurayzah killed anyone from Banu an-Nadir, they would pay full blood-money. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ made it equal between them.

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النُّفَيْلِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاق، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ الْحُصَيْنِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْعِكْرِمَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فَإِنْ جَاءُوكَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ أَوْ أَعْرِضْ عَنْهُمْ سورة المائدة آية 42، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَإِنْ حَكَمْتَ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ سورة المائدة آية 42، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ كَانَ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ إِذَا قَتَلُوا مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ أَدَّوْا نِصْفَ الدِّيَةِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَإِذَا قَتَلَ بَنُو قُرَيْظَةَ مِنْ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ أَدَّوْا إِلَيْهِمُ الدِّيَةَ كَامِلَةً، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَسَوَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَهُمْ".