Narrated Salih bin Khawwat: On the authority of a person who offered the prayer in time of danger along with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at the battle of Dhat al-Riqa. One section of people stood in the row of prayer along with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the other section remained standing in front of the enemy. He led those who were with him in one rak'ah and remained standing (in his place) and they completed (the second rak'ah) by themselves. Then they turned away and arrayed before the enemy. Thereafter the other section came and he led them in the rak'ah which remained from his prayer. He then remained sitting (in his place) and they completed their one rak'ah by themselves. He then uttered the salutation along with them. Malik said: I like the tradition reported by Yazid bin Ruman (i. e. the present tradition) more than (other versions) I heard.

حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ مَالِكٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُومَانَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ خَوَّاتٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَمَّنْ صَلَّى مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏يَوْم ذَاتِ الرِّقَاعِ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّ طَائِفَةً صَفَّتْ مَعَهُ وَطَائِفَةً وِجَاهَ الْعَدُوِّ"فَصَلَّى بِالَّتِي مَعَهُ رَكْعَةً، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ ثَبَتَ قَائِمًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَأَتَمُّوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا وَصَفُّوا وِجَاهَ الْعَدُوِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَجَاءَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الْأُخْرَى فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ الرَّكْعَةَ الَّتِي بَقِيَتْ مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ ثَبَتَ جَالِسًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَأَتَمُّوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ بِهِمْ". قَالَ مَالِكٌ:‏‏‏‏ وَحَدِيثُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُومَانَ أَحَبُّ مَا سَمِعْتُ إِلَيَّ.

Narrated Sahl bin Abi Hathmah al-Ansari: The prayer time of danger should be offered in the following way: The imam should stand (for prayer) and a section of the people should stand along with him. The other section should stand facing the enemy. The imam should perform bowing and prostrate himself along with those who are with him. He then should stand (after prostration) and, when he stands straight, he should remain standing. They (the people) should (in the meantime) complete their remaining rak'ah (i. e. the second one). They they should utter the salutation, and turn away while the imam should remain standing. They should go before the enemy. Thereafter those who did not pray should come forward and utter the takbir (Allah is most great) behind imam. He should bow and prostrate along with them and utter the salutation. Then they should stand and completed their remaining rak'ah, and utter the salutation. Abu Dawud said: The tradition reported by Yahya bin Saeed from al-Qasim is similar to the one transmitted by Yazid bin Ruman except that he differed with him in salutation. The tradition reported by Ubaid Allah is like the one reported by Yahya bin Saeed, saying: He (the Prophet) remained standing.

حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ مَالِكٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ خَوَّاتٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّ سَهْلَ بْنَ أَبِي حَثْمَةَ الْأَنْصَارِيّ حَدَّثَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ:‏‏‏‏ أَنْ يَقُومَ الْإِمَامُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَطَائِفَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَطَائِفَةٌ مُوَاجِهَةُ الْعَدُوِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَيَرْكَعُ الْإِمَامُ رَكْعَةً وَيَسْجُدُ بِالَّذِينَ مَعَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ يَقُومُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَإِذَا اسْتَوَى قَائِمًا ثَبَتَ قَائِمًا وَأَتَمُّوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمُ الرَّكْعَةَ الْبَاقِيَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ سَلَّمُوا وَانْصَرَفُوا وَالْإِمَامُ قَائِمٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَكَانُوا وِجَاهَ الْعَدُوِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ يُقْبِلُ الْآخَرُونَ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُصَلُّوا فَيُكَبِّرُونَ وَرَاءَ الْإِمَامِ فَيَرْكَعُ بِهِمْ وَيَسْجُدُ بِهِمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُ فَيَقُومُونَ فَيَرْكَعُونَ لِأَنْفُسِهِمُ الرَّكْعَةَ الْبَاقِيَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ يُسَلِّمُونَ. قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد وَأَمَّا:‏‏‏‏ رِوَايَةُ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ الْقَاسِمِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏نَحْوَ رِوَايَةِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُومَانَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏إِلَّا أَنَّهُ خَالَفَهُ فِي السَّلَامِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَرِوَايَةُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏نَحْوَ رِوَايَةِ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ وَيَثْبُتُ قَائِمًا.

Urwah ibn az-Zubayr reported that Marwan ibn al-Hakam asked Abu Hurairah: Did you pray in time of danger with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ? Abu Hurairah replied: Yes. Marwan then asked: When? Abu Hurairah said: On the occasion of the Battle of Najd. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up to offer the afternoon prayer. One section stood with him (to pray) and the other was standing before the enemy, and their backs were towards the qiblah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ uttered the takbir and all of them too uttered the takbir, i. e. those who were with him and those who were facing the enemy. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ offered one rak'ah and the section that was with him also prayed one rak'ah. He then prostrated himself and those who were with him also prostrated, while the other section was standing before the enemy. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then stood up and the section with him also stood up. They went and faced the enemy and the section that was previously facing the enemy stepped forward. They bowed and prostrated while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was standing in the same position. Then they stood up and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed another rak'ah and all of them bowed and prostrated along with him. After that the section that was standing before the enemy came forward and they bowed and prostrated, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained seated and also those who were with him. The salutation then followed. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ uttered the salutation and all of them uttered it together. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed two rak'ahs and each of the two sections prayed one rak'ah with him (and the other by themselves).

حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا حَيْوَةُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَا:‏‏‏‏ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْأَسْوَدِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّهُ سَمِعَعُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ يُحَدِّثُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّهُ سَأَلَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ:‏‏‏‏ هَلْ صَلَّيْتَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ ؟ قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ:‏‏‏‏ نَعَمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ مَرْوَانُ:‏‏‏‏ مَتَى ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ:‏‏‏‏ عَامَ غَزْوَةِ نَجْدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏"قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى صَلَاةِ الْعَصْرِ فَقَامَتْ مَعَهُ طَائِفَةٌ وَطَائِفَةٌ أُخْرَى مُقَابِلَ الْعَدُوِّ وَظُهُورُهُمْ إِلَى الْقِبْلَةِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَكَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَكَبَّرُوا جَمِيعًا الَّذِينَ مَعَهُ وَالَّذِينَ مُقَابِلِي الْعَدُوِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ رَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَكْعَةً وَاحِدَةً وَرَكَعَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الَّتِي مَعَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ سَجَدَ فَسَجَدَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الَّتِي تَلِيهِ وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ مُقَابِلِي الْعَدُوِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَامَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الَّتِي مَعَهُ فَذَهَبُوا إِلَى الْعَدُوِّ فَقَابَلُوهُمْ وَأَقْبَلَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ مُقَابِلِي الْعَدُوِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَرَكَعُوا وَسَجَدُوا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَائِمٌ كَمَا هُوَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ قَامُوا فَرَكَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَكْعَةً أُخْرَى وَرَكَعُوا مَعَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَسَجَدَ وَسَجَدُوا مَعَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ مُقَابِلِي الْعَدُوِّ فَرَكَعُوا وَسَجَدُوا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَاعِدٌ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ كَانَ السَّلَامُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَسَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَسَلَّمُوا جَمِيعًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَكَانَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَكْعَتَانِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَلِكُلِّ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ رَكْعَةٌ رَكْعَةٌ".

Narrated Abu Hurairah: We went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to Najd. When we reached Dhat ar-Riqa at Nakhl (or in a valley with palm trees) he met a group of the tribe of Ghatafan. The narrator then reported the tradition to the same effect, but his version is other than that of Haywah. He added to the words "when he bowed along with those who were with him and prostrated" the words "when they stood up, they retraced their footsteps to the rows of their companions". He did not mention the words "their back was towards the qiblah".

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الرَّازِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْأَسْوَدِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى نَجْدٍ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا بِذَاتِ الرِّقَاعِ مِنْ نَخْلٍ لَقِيَ جَمْعًا مِنْ غَطَفَانَ"فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ وَلَفْظُهُ"عَلَى غَيْرِ لَفْظِ حَيْوَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقَالَ فِيهِ:‏‏‏‏ "حِينَ رَكَعَ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ وَسَجَدَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ فَلَمَّا قَامُوا مَشَوْا الْقَهْقَرَى إِلَى مَصَافِّ أَصْحَابِهِمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ اسْتِدْبَارَ الْقِبْلَةِ".

Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been transmitted by Aishah through a different chain of narrators. She said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ uttered the takbir and the section that was in the same row with him also uttered the takbir. He then bowed and they also bowed, and he prostrated and they also prostrated. Then he raised his head and they also raised (their heads). The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then remained seated. They prostrated alone and stood up and retraced their footsteps and stood behind them. Then the other section came; they stood up and uttered the takbir and bowed by themselves. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prostrated himself and they also prostrated with him. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up and they performed the second prostration by themselves. Then both the sections stood up and prayed with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He bowed and they also bowed, and then he prostrated himself and they also prostrated themselves. Then he returned and performed the second prostration and they also prostrated with him as quickly as possible, showing no slackness in quick prostration. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then uttered the salutation. After that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood up. Thus everyone participated in the entire prayer.

وَأَمَّا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعْدٍ فَحَدَّثَنَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ حَدَّثَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ حَدَّثَتْهُ بِهَذِهِ الْقِصَّةِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَتْ:‏‏‏‏ "كَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَكَبَّرَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الَّذِينَ صَفُّوا مَعَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَرَكَعُوا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ سَجَدَ فَسَجَدُوا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَرَفَعُوا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ مَكَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جَالِسًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ سَجَدُوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمُ الثَّانِيَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ قَامُوا فَنَكَصُوا عَلَى أَعْقَابِهِمْ يَمْشُونَ الْقَهْقَرَى حَتَّى قَامُوا مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَجَاءَتِ الطَّائِفَةُ الْأُخْرَى فَقَامُوا فَكَبَّرُوا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ رَكَعُوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَسَجَدُوا مَعَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ قَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَسَجَدُوا لِأَنْفُسِهِمُ الثَّانِيَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ قَامَتِ الطَّائِفَتَانِ جَمِيعًا فَصَلَّوْا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَرَكَعَ فَرَكَعُوا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ سَجَدَ فَسَجَدُوا جَمِيعًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ عَادَ فَسَجَدَ الثَّانِيَةَ وَسَجَدُوا مَعَهُ سَرِيعًا كَأَسْرَعِ الْإِسْرَاعِ جَاهِدًا لَا يَأْلُونَ سِرَاعًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَسَلَّمُوا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَقَدْ شَارَكَهُ النَّاسُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ كُلِّهَا".

Narrated Ibn Umar: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ led one section in one rak'ah of prayer and the other section was facing the enemy. Then they turned away and took the position of the other section. They (the other section) came and he (the Prophet) led them in the second rak'ah. He then uttered the salutation. Thereafter they stood up and completed the remaining rak'ah, they went away and the other section completed their remaining rak'ah. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been narrated by Nafi and Khalid bin Madan from Ibn Umar in like manner from the Prophet ﷺ. This has also been transmitted similarly by Masruq ad Yusuf bin Mihran on the authority of Ibn Abbas. This has been narrated by Yunus from al-Hasan from Abu Musa something similarly, saying that Abu Musa has done so.

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ سَالِمٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ"صَلَّى بِإِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ رَكْعَةً وَالطَّائِفَةُ الْأُخْرَى مُوَاجِهَةُ الْعَدُوِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا فَقَامُوا فِي مَقَامِ أُولَئِكَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَجَاءَ أُولَئِكَ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً أُخْرَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ قَامَ هَؤُلَاءِ فَقَضَوْا رَكْعَتَهُمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقَامَ هَؤُلَاءِ فَقَضَوْا رَكْعَتَهُمْ". قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد:‏‏‏‏ وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ نَافِعٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَخَالِدُ بْنُ مَعْدَانَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَكَذَلِكَ قَوْلُ مَسْرُوقٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَيُوسُفُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَى يُونُسُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ الْحَسَنِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّهُ فَعَلَهُ.

Narrated Abdullah ibn Masud: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ led us in prayer in the time of danger. They (the people) stood in two rows. One row was behind the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the other faced the enemy. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ led them in one rak'ah, and then the other section came and took their place; they went and faced the enemy. The Prophet ﷺ led them in one rak'ah and uttered the salutation. They stood up and prayed the second rak'ah by themselves and uttered the salutation and went away; they took the place of the other section facing the enemy. They came back and took their place. They prayed one rak'ah by themselves and then uttered the salutation.

حَدَّثَنَا عِمْرَانُ بْنُ مَيْسَرَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا خُصَيْفٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "صَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَامُوا صَفَّيْنِ صَفٌّ خَلْفَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَصَفٌّ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْعَدُوِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَكْعَةً، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ جَاءَ الْآخَرُونَ فَقَامُوا مَقَامَهُمْ وَاسْتَقْبَلَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْعَدُوَّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَصَلَّى بِهِمُ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَكْعَةً، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ فَقَامَ هَؤُلَاءِ فَصَلَّوْا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ رَكْعَةً، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ سَلَّمُوا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ ذَهَبُوا فَقَامُوا مَقَامَ أُولَئِكَ مُسْتَقْبِلِي الْعَدُوِّ وَرَجَعَ أُولَئِكَ إِلَى مَقَامِهِمْ فَصَلَّوْا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ رَكْعَةً، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ سَلَّمُوا".

This tradition has been transmitted by Kushaif with a different chain of narrators and to the same effect. This version adds: The Prophet of Allah ﷺ uttered takbir and both rows uttered takbir together. Abu Dawud said: This tradition has been narrated by al-Thawri to the same effect on the authority of Khusaif. Abdur-Rahman bin Samurah also prayed in like manner. But the section which he (the Prophet) led in one rak'ah and then uttered the salutation and went and took the place of their companions. They came and prayed one rak'ah by themselves. Then they returned to their place and they prayed (one rak'ah) by themselves. Abu Dawud said: Muslim bin Ibrahim reported from Abd al-Samad bin Habib on the authority of his father that they had fought a battle at Kabul along with Abdur-Rahman bin Samurah. He led us in prayer in time of danger.

حَدَّثَنَا تَمِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْتَصِرِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ يُوسُفَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ خُصَيْفٍ بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "فَكَبَّرَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَكَبَّرَ الصَّفَّانِ جَمِيعًا". قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد:‏‏‏‏ رَوَاهُ الثَّوْرِيُّ بِهَذَا الْمَعْنَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عنْ خُصَيْفٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَصَلَّى عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَمُرَةَ"هَكَذَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏إِلَّا أَنَّ الطَّائِفَةَ الَّتِي صَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ مَضَوْا إِلَى مَقَامِ أَصْحَابِهِمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَجَاءَ هَؤُلَاءِ فَصَلَّوْا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ رَكْعَةً، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا إِلَى مَقَامِ أُولَئِكَ فَصَلَّوْا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ رَكْعَةً". قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا بِذَلِكَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبِي، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّهُمْ غَزَوْا مَعَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ كَابُلَ فَصَلَّى بِنَا صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ.

Narrated Hudhayfah: Thalabah ibn Zahdam said: We accompanied Saad ibn al-As at Tabaristan. He stood and said: Which of you prayed along with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in time of danger? Hudhayfah said: I then he led one section in one rak'ah and the other section in one rak'ah. They did not pray the second rak'ah by themselves. Abu Dawud: This tradition has been transmitted by Ubaid Allah bin Abdullah and Mujahid on the authority of Ibn Abbas from the Prophet ﷺ in like manner. This has also been narrated by Abdullah bin Shaqiq from Abu Hurairah from the Prophet ﷺ. Yazid al-Faqir and Abu Musa also narrated this tradition from Jabir from the Prophet ﷺ. Some of the narrators said in the version narrated by Yazid al-Faqir that they completed their second rak'ah. This has also been narrated by Simak al-Hanafi on the authority of Ibn Umar from the Prophet ﷺ something similar. Zaid bin Thabit also narrated from the Prophet ﷺ in like manner. This version adds: The people prayed on rak'ah and the Prophet ﷺ prayed two rak'ahs.

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنِي الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ سُلَيْمٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ هِلَالٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ زَهْدَمٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ كُنَّا مَعَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ بِطَبَرِسْتَانَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَامَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَيُّكُمْ صَلَّى مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ ؟ فَقَالَ حُذَيْفَةُ:‏‏‏‏ أَنَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَصَلَّى بِهَؤُلَاءِ رَكْعَةً وَبِهَؤُلَاءِ رَكْعَةً وَلَمْ يَقْضُوا. قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد:‏‏‏‏ وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَمُجَاهِدٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ شَقِيقٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَيَزِيدُ الْفَقِيرُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَأَبُو مُوسَى. قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد:‏‏‏‏ رَجُلٌ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ لَيْسَ بِالْأَشْعَرِيِّ جَمِيعًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ جَابِرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ فِي حَدِيثِ يَزِيدَ الْفَقِيرِ:‏‏‏‏ "إِنَّهُمْ قَضَوْا رَكْعَةً أُخْرَى"، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ سِمَاكٌ الْحَنَفِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَكَذَلِكَ رَوَاهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "فَكَانَتْ لِلْقَوْمِ رَكْعَةً رَكْعَةً وَلِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ".

Narrated Ibn Abbas: Allah, the Exalted, prescribed prayer for you, through the tongue of your Prophet ﷺ, four rak'ahs while resident, two rak'ahs while travelling and one rak'ah in time of danger.

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَا:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الْأَخْنَسِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "فَرَضَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّكُمْ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي الْحَضَرِ أَرْبَعًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَفِي السَّفَرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَفِي الْخَوْفِ رَكْعَةً".