Narrated Abdullah bin Umar: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: It is the duty of a Muslim man who has something which is to be given as bequest not to have it for two nights without having his will written regarding it.

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدُ بْنُ مُسَرْهَدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عُمَرَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ مَا حَقُّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ لَهُ شَيْءٌ يُوصِي فِيهِ يَبِيتُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ إِلَّا وَوَصِيَّتُهُ مَكْتُوبَةٌ عِنْدَهُ".

Narrated Aishah: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not leave dinars, dirhams, camels and goats, nor did he leave will for anything.

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَا:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ الْأَعْمَشِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَتْ:‏‏‏‏ مَا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دِينَارًا وَلَا دِرْهَمًا وَلَا بَعِيرًا وَلَا شَاةً وَلَا أَوْصَى بِشَيْءٍ.

Narrated Amir bin Saad: On the authority of his father (Saad bin Abi Waqqas): When he (Saad) fell ill at Makkah (according to the version of Ibn Abi Kkalaf) - then the agreed version has: which brought him near to death - the Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to visit him. He said: Messenger of Allah, I have a large amount of property, and my daughter is my only heir. May I give two-thirds (of my property) as a sadaqah (charity)? He said: No. He asked: Then a half ? He replied: No. He asked: Then one-third ? He replied: (You may will away) a third and third is a lot. To leave your heirs rich is better than to leave them poor begging from people. You will not spend anything, seeking thereby to please Allah, without being rewarded for it, even the mouthful you give your wife. I said: Messenger of Allah, shall I be left behind form immigration (to Madina)? He said: If you remain behind after me and do good works seeking the pleasure of Allah, your rank will be raised and degree increased. Perhaps you will not remain behind, and some people will benefit from you and others will be harmed by you. He then said: O Allah, complete the immigration of my Companions and do not turn them back. But miserable was Saad bin Khawlah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ lamented on him as he died at Makkah.

حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَابْنُ أَبِي خَلَفٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَا:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِيهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ مَرِضَ مَرَضًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي خَلَفٍ بِمَكَّةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ اتَّفَقَا أَشْفَى فِيهِ فَعَادَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ لِي مَالًا كَثِيرًا وَلَيْسَ يَرِثُنِي إِلَّا ابْنَتِي أَفَأَتَصَدَّقُ بِالثُّلُثَيْنِ ؟ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ لَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ فَبِالشَّطْرِ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ لَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ فَبِالثُّلُثِ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ الثُّلُثُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَالثُّلُثُ كَثِيرٌ إِنَّكَ أَنْ تَتْرُكَ وَرَثَتَكَ أَغْنِيَاءَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَنْ تَدَعَهُمْ عَالَةً يَتَكَفَّفُونَ النَّاسَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَإِنَّكَ لَنْ تُنْفِقَ نَفَقَةً إِلَّا أُجِرْتَ بِهَا حَتَّى اللُّقْمَةُ تَرْفَعُهَا إِلَى فِي امْرَأَتِكِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قُلْتُ:‏‏‏‏ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَتَخَلَّفُ عَنْ هِجْرَتِي ؟ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ إِنَّكَ إِنْ تُخَلَّفْ بَعْدِي فَتَعْمَلَ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا تُرِيدُ بِهِ وَجْهَ اللَّهِ لَا تَزْدَادُ بِهِ إِلَّا رِفْعَةً وَدَرَجَةً لَعَلَّكَ أَنْ تُخَلَّفَ حَتَّى يَنْتَفِعَ بِكَ أَقْوَامٌ وَيُضَرَّ بِكَ آخَرُونَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ اللَّهُمَّ أَمْضِ لِأَصْحَابِي هِجْرَتَهُمْ وَلَا تَرُدَّهُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِهِمْ"، ‏‏‏‏‏‏لَكِنَ الْبَائِسُ سَعْدُ بْنُ خَوْلَةَ يَرْثِي لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ مَاتَ بِمَكَّةَ.

Narrated Abu Hurairah: A man asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: Messenger of Allah, which sadaqah (charity) is the best ? He replied: (The best sadaqah is) that you give something as sadaqah (charity) when you are healthy, greedy, expect survival and fear poverty, and not that you postpone it until your death. and then you say: For so-and-so is such-and-such, and for so-and-so is such-and-such, while it was already for so-and-so.

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا عُمَارَةُ بْنُ الْقَعْقَاعِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي زُرْعَةَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ جَرِيرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَيُّ الصَّدَقَةِ أَفْضَلُ ؟ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "أَنْ تَصَدَّقَ وَأَنْتَ صَحِيحٌ حَرِيصٌ تَأْمُلُ الْبَقَاءَ وَتَخْشَى الْفَقْرَ وَلَا تُمْهِلَ حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْحُلْقُومَ"، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قُلْتَ لِفُلَانٍ كَذَا وَلِفُلَانٍ كَذَا وَقَدْ كَانَ لِفُلَانٍ.

Narrated Abu Saeed al-Khudri: The Prophet ﷺ said: A man giving a dirham as sadaqah (charity) during his life is better than giving one hundred dirhams as sadaqah (charity) at the moment of his death.

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي فُدَيْكٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ شُرَحْبِيلَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "لَأَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ الْمَرْءُ فِي حَيَاتِهِ بِدِرْهَمٍ خَيْرٌ لَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ بِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ".

Narrated Abu Hurairah: The Prophet ﷺ said: A man or a woman acts in obedience to Allah for sixty years, then when they are about to die they cause injury by their will, so they must go to Hell. Then Abu Hurairah recited: "After a legacy which you bequeath or a debt, causing no injury. . . that will be the mighty success. Abu Dawud said: Al-Ashath bin Jabir is the grandfather of Nasr bin Ali.

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْصَّمَدِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْحُدَّانِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ جَابِرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنِيشَهْرُ بْنُ حَوْشَبٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ حَدَّثَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَعْمَلُ وَالْمَرْأَةُ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ سِتِّينَ سَنَةً، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ يَحْضُرُهُمَا الْمَوْتُ فَيُضَارَّانِ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ فَتَجِبُ لَهُمَا النَّارُ"، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ وَقَرَأَ عَلَيَّ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ مِنْ هَا هُنَا مِنْ بَعْدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُوصَى بِهَا أَوْ دَيْنٍ غَيْرَ مُضَارٍّ حَتَّى بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد:‏‏‏‏ هَذَا يَعْنِي الأَشْعَثَ بْنَ جَابِرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏جَدُّ نَصْرِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ.

Narrated Abu Dharr: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me: Abu Dharr, I see you weak, and I like for you what I like for myself. Do not be a leader of two (persons), and do not be a guardian of an orphan. Abu Dawud said: This has been narrated only by the people of Egypt.

حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمُقْرِئُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي سَالِمٍ الْجَيْشَانِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِيهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ "يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ إِنِّي أَرَاكَ ضَعِيفًا وَإِنِّي أُحِبُّ لَكَ مَا أُحِبُّ لِنَفْسِي، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَلَا تَأَمَّرَنَّ عَلَى اثْنَيْنِ وَلَا تَوَلَّيَنَّ مَالَ يَتِيمٍ"، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد:‏‏‏‏ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَهْلُ مِصْرَ.

Narrated Ibn Abbas: The Quranic verse goes: " (It is prescribed when death approaches any of you), if he leaves any goods, that he may bequest to parents and next to kin. " The bequest was made in this way until the verse of inheritance repealed it.

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُسَيْنِ بْنِ وَاقِدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِيهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ يَزِيدَ النَّحْوِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏إِنْ تَرَكَ خَيْرًا الْوَصِيَّةُ لِلْوَالِدَيْنِ وَالأَقْرَبِينَ سورة البقرة آية 180 فَكَانَتِ الْوَصِيَّةُ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى نَسَخَتْهَا آيَةُ الْمِيرَاثِ.

Narrated Abu Hurairah: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: Allah has appointed for everyone who has a right what is due to him, and no bequest must be made to an heir.

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ نَجْدَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏سَمِعْتُ أَبَا أُمَامَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ:‏‏‏‏ "إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَعْطَى كُلَّ ذِي حَقٍّ حَقَّهُ فَلَا وَصِيَّةَ لِوَارِثٍ".

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: When Allah, Most High, revealed the verses: "Come not nigh to the orphan's property except to improve it". And "Those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans", everyone who had an orphan with him went and separated his food from his (orphan's) food, and his drink from his drink, and began to detain the remaining food which he (the orphan) himself ate or spoiled. This fell heavy on them, and they mentioned this to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. So Allah, Most High, revealed the verse: "They ask thee concerning orphans. Say: The best thing to do is what is for their good; if ye mix their affairs with yours, they are your brethren. " Then they mixed their food with his food and their drink with his drink.

حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا جَرِيرٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ لَمَّا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ:‏‏‏‏ وَلا تَقْرَبُوا مَالَ الْيَتِيمِ إِلا بِالَّتِي هِيَ أَحْسَنُ سورة الأنعام آية 152 وَ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوَالَ الْيَتَامَى ظُلْمًا سورة النساء آية 10 الآيَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏انْطَلَقَ مَنْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ يَتِيمٌ فَعَزَلَ طَعَامَهُ مِنْ طَعَامِهِ وَشَرَابَهُ مِنْ شَرَابِهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَجَعَلَ يَفْضُلُ مِنْ طَعَامِهِ فَيُحْبَسُ لَهُ حَتَّى يَأْكُلَهُ أَوْ يَفْسُدَ فَاشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَذَكَرُوا ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ:‏‏‏‏ وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْيَتَامَى قُلْ إِصْلاحٌ لَهُمْ خَيْرٌ وَإِنْ تُخَالِطُوهُمْ فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ سورة البقرة آية 220، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَخَلَطُوا طَعَامَهُمْ بِطَعَامِهِ وَشَرَابَهُمْ بِشَرَابِهِ.