It was narrated from 'Amr bin Al-'As that he heard the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) say: "If a judge passes a judgment, having striven to reach a decision, and he gets it right, he will have two rewards. If he passes a judgment, having striven to reach a decision, and he gets it wrong, he will have one reward."

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى التَّمِيمِىُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ الْهَادِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ بُسْرِ بْنِ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَبِى قَيْسٍ مَوْلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قَالَ « إِذَا حَكَمَ الْحَاكِمُ فَاجْتَهَدَ ثُمَّ أَصَابَ فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ. وَإِذَا حَكَمَ فَاجْتَهَدَ ثُمَّ أَخْطَأَ فَلَهُ أَجْرٌ ».

It was narrated that 'Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Bakrah said: My father wrote - and I wrote it down for him - to 'Ubaidullah bin Abi Bakrah, who was the Qazi of Sijistan, (telling him): Do not pass judgment between two people when you are angry, for I heard the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) say: "No one should pass judgment between two people when he is angry."

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِى بَكْرَةَ. قَالَ كَتَبَ أَبِى - وَكَتَبْتُ لَهُ - إِلَى عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِى بَكْرَةَ وَهُوَ قَاضٍ بِسِجِسْتَانَ أَنْ لاَ تَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ وَأَنْتَ غَضْبَانُ فَإِنِّى سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- يَقُولُ « لاَ يَحْكُمْ أَحَدٌ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ وَهُوَ غَضْبَانُ ».

It was narrated that Sa'd bin Ibrahim said: I asked Al-Qasim bin Muhammad about a man who had three dwellings and left a will concerning one third of each dwelling. He said: That could all be combined in one dwelling. Then he said: 'Aishah told me that the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said: "Whoever does something that is not in accordance with this matter of ours will have it rejected."

وَحَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ جَمِيعًا عَنْ أَبِى عَامِرٍ قَالَ عَبْدٌ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الزُّهْرِىُّ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَهُ ثَلاَثَةُ مَسَاكِنَ فَأَوْصَى بِثُلُثِ كُلِّ مَسْكَنٍ مِنْهَا قَالَ يُجْمَعُ ذَلِكَ كُلُّهُ فِى مَسْكَنٍ وَاحِدٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَخْبَرَتْنِى عَائِشَةُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قَالَ « مَنْ عَمِلَ عَمَلاً لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرُنَا فَهُوَ رَدٌّ ».

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (s.a.w) said: "There were two women who had their sons with them. The wolf came and took away the son of one of them, and she said to her companion: 'The wolf has taken your son.' The other said: No, it has taken your son. They referred for judgment to Dawud, and he ruled in favor of the elder woman. They went out to Sulaiman, the son of Dawud, and told him about that, and he said: 'Bring me a knife and I will divide him between you.' The younger woman said: 'No, may Allah have mercy on you! He is her son.' So he ruled in favor of the younger woman."

حَدَّثَنِى زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ حَدَّثَنِى شَبَابَةُ حَدَّثَنِى وَرْقَاءُ عَنْ أَبِى الزِّنَادِ عَنِ الأَعْرَجِ عَنْ أَبِى هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قَالَ « بَيْنَمَا امْرَأَتَانِ مَعَهُمَا ابْنَاهُمَا جَاءَ الذِّئْبُ فَذَهَبَ بِابْنِ إِحْدَاهُمَا. فَقَالَتْ هَذِهِ لِصَاحِبَتِهَا إِنَّمَا ذَهَبَ بِابْنِكِ أَنْتِ. وَقَالَتِ الأُخْرَى إِنَّمَا ذَهَبَ بِابْنِكِ. فَتَحَاكَمَتَا إِلَى دَاوُدَ فَقَضَى بِهِ لِلْكُبْرَى فَخَرَجَتَا عَلَى سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلاَمُ فَأَخْبَرَتَاهُ فَقَالَ ائْتُونِى بِالسِّكِّينِ أَشُقُّهُ بَيْنَكُمَا.فَقَالَتِ الصُّغْرَى لاَ يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ هُوَ ابْنُهَا. فَقَضَى بِهِ لِلصُّغْرَى ». قَالَ قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ وَاللَّهِ إِنْ سَمِعْتُ بِالسِّكِّينِ قَطُّ إِلاَّ يَوْمَئِذٍ مَا كُنَّا نَقُولُ إِلاَّ الْمُدْيَةَ.

It was narrated that Hammam bin Munabbih said: This is what Abu Hurairah narrated to us from the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w). He mentioned a number of Ahadith, including the following: The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said: "A man bought some property from another man, and the man who had bought the property found therein a jar full of gold. The one who had bought the property said to him: 'Take your gold from me, for I only bought the land from you, and I did not buy the gold from you.' The one who had sold the land said: 'I sold you the land and whatever is in it.' They referred to another man for judgment and one of them said: 'I have a son.' The other said: 'I have a daughter.' He said: 'Let the son marry the daughter, and spend some of it on yourselves and give some in charity."'

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قَالَ هَذَا مَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فَذَكَرَ أَحَادِيثَ مِنْهَا وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- « اشْتَرَى رَجُلٌ مِنْ رَجُلٍ عَقَارًا لَهُ فَوَجَدَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِى اشْتَرَى الْعَقَارَ فِى عَقَارِهِ جَرَّةً فِيهَا ذَهَبٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ الَّذِى اشْتَرَى الْعَقَارَ خُذْ ذَهَبَكَ مِنِّى إِنَّمَا اشْتَرَيْتُ مِنْكَ الأَرْضَ وَلَمْ أَبْتَعْ مِنْكَ الذَّهَبَ. فَقَالَ الَّذِى شَرَى الأَرْضَ إِنَّمَا بِعْتُكَ الأَرْضَ وَمَا فِيهَا - قَالَ - فَتَحَاكَمَا إِلَى رَجُلٍ فَقَالَ الَّذِى تَحَاكَمَا إِلَيْهِ أَلَكُمَا وَلَدٌ فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِى غُلاَمٌ وَقَالَ الآخَرُ لِى جَارِيَةٌ. قَالَ أَنْكِحُوا الْغُلاَمَ الْجَارِيَةَ وَأَنْفِقُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمَا مِنْهُ وَتَصَدَّقَا ».