It was narrated from 'Aishah concerning the Verse, "...But if he is poor, let him have for himself what is just and reasonable..." that she said: "This was revealed concerning the guardian of an orphan's wealth, who looks after it; if he is in need he may eat from it."

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِى قَوْلِهِ ( وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ) قَالَتْ أُنْزِلَتْ فِى وَالِى مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ الَّذِى يَقُومُ عَلَيْهِ وَيُصْلِحُهُ إِذَا كَانَ مُحْتَاجًا أَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِنْهُ.

It was narrated from 'Aishah concerning the Verse, "... And whoever (amongst guardians) is rich, he should take no wages, but if he is poor, let him have for himself what is just and reasonable..." that she said: "This was revealed concerning the guardian of an orphan's wealth; if he is in need he may take some of his wealth, on a reasonable basis, according to the orphan's share of the inheritance."

وَحَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى (وَمَنْ كَانَ غَنِيًّا فَلْيَسْتَعْفِفْ وَمَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ) قَالَتْ أُنْزِلَتْ فِى وَلِىِّ الْيَتِيمِ أَنْ يُصِيبَ مِنْ مَالِهِ إِذَا كَانَ مُحْتَاجًا بِقَدْرِ مَالِهِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ.

It was narrated from 'Aishah concerning the Verse, "When they came upon you from above you and from below you, and when the eyes grew wild and the hearts reached to the throats..." that she said: "That was the day of (the battle of) Al-Khandaq.'

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ هِشَامٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِى قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ (إِذْ جَاءُوكُمْ مِنْ فَوْقِكُمْ وَمِنْ أَسْفَلَ مِنْكُمْ وَإِذْ زَاغَتِ الأَبْصَارُ وَبَلَغَتِ الْقُلُوبُ الْحَنَاجِرَ) قَالَتْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الْخَنْدَقِ.

It was narrated from 'Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, (concerning the Verse) "And if a woman fears cruelty or desertion on her husband's part, there is no sin on them both if they make terms of peace between themselves; and making peace is better. And human inner-selves are swayed by greed. But if you do good and keep away from evil, verily, Allah is Ever Well-Acquainted with what you do" that she said: "This was revealed concerning a woman who is married to a man, and has been with him for a long time, then he wants to divorce her, and she says: 'Do not divorce me; keep me and you have no obligation towards me.' Then this Verse was revealed.''

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ (وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا) الآيَةَ قَالَتْ أُنْزِلَتْ فِى الْمَرْأَةِ تَكُونُ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ فَتَطُولُ صُحْبَتُهَا فَيُرِيدُ طَلاَقَهَا فَتَقُولُ لاَ تُطَلِّقْنِى وَأَمْسِكْنِى وَأَنْتَ فِى حِلٍّ مِنِّى. فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ.

It was narrated from 'Aishah (concerning the Verse) "And if a woman fears cruelty or desertion on her husband's part..." that she said: "This was revealed concerning a woman who is married to a man, and he no longer wants to be intimate her, but she has been with him for so long and she has children with him, and she does not want him to leave her, so she says to him: 'You have no obligation towards me.'"

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ فِى قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ( وَإِنِ امْرَأَةٌ خَافَتْ مِنْ بَعْلِهَا نُشُوزًا أَوْ إِعْرَاضًا) قَالَتْ نَزَلَتْ فِى الْمَرْأَةِ تَكُونُ عِنْدَ الرَّجُلِ فَلَعَلَّهُ أَنْ لاَ يَسْتَكْثِرَ مِنْهَا وَتَكُونُ لَهَا صُحْبَةٌ وَوَلَدٌ فَتَكْرَهُ أَنْ يُفَارِقَهَا فَتَقُولُ لَهُ أَنْتَ فِى حِلٍّ مِنْ شَأْنِى.

It was narrated from Hisham bin 'Urwah that his father said: 'Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said to me: "O son of my sister, they were commanded to pray for forgiveness for the Companions of the Prophet (s.a.w). but they reviled them.''

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ قَالَتْ لِى عَائِشَةُ يَا ابْنَ أُخْتِى أُمِرُوا أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرُوا لأَصْحَابِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فَسَبُّوهُمْ.

It was narrated that Sa'eed bin Jubair, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "The people of Al-Kufah differed concerning this Verse: "And whoever kills a believer intentionally, his recompense is Hell..." I traveled to see Ibn 'Abbas and ask him about it and he said: 'It was the last of the Revelation to come, and it was not abrogated by anything."'

حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الْعَنْبَرِىُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِى حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ اخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ الْكُوفَةِ فِى هَذِهِ الآيَةِ (وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ) فَرَحَلْتُ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ لَقَدْ أُنْزِلَتْ آخِرَ مَا أُنْزِلَ ثُمَّ مَا نَسَخَهَا شَىْءٌ.

It was narrated that Sa'd bin Jubair, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "Abdur-Rahman bin Abza told me to ask Ibn 'Abbas for him about these two Verses: "And whoever kills a believer intentionally, his recompense is Hell to abide therein..." I asked him, and he said: 'It has not been abrogated by anything.' And about this Verse: "And those who invoke not any other ilah (god) along with Allah, nor kill such person as Allah has forbidden, except for just cause..." He said: 'It was revealed concerning the people of Shirk."'

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ أَمَرَنِى عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبْزَى أَنْ أَسْأَلَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ هَاتَيْنِ الآيَتَيْنِ (وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خَالِدًا فِيهَا) فَسَأَلْتُهُ فَقَالَ لَمْ يَنْسَخْهَا شَىْءٌ. وَعَنْ هَذِهِ الآيَةِ (وَالَّذِينَ لاَ يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ وَلاَ يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِى حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلاَّ بِالْحَقِّ) قَالَ نَزَلَتْ فِى أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ.

It was narrated from Sa'eed bin Jubair that Ibn 'Abbas said: "This Verse was revealed in Makkah: "And those who invoke not any other ilah (god) along with Allah, nor kill such person as Allah has forbidden, except for just cause, nor commit illegal sexual intercourse - and whoever does this, shall receive the punishment. The torment will be doubled to him on the Day of Resurrection, and he will abide therein in disgrace." The idolaters said: 'Islam is of no avail for us, because we have ascribed peers to Allah, and we have killed those whom Allah has forbidden killing, and we have committed immoral deeds. Then Allah revealed: "Except those who repent and believe, and do righteous deeds; for those, Allah will change their sins into good deeds, and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.'' He (Ibn 'Abbas) said: "As for the one who enters Islam and understands it, then kills someone, there is no repentance for him."

حَدَّثَنِى هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النَّضْرِ هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ اللَّيْثِىُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ - يَعْنِى شَيْبَانَ - عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ بِمَكَّةَ (وَالَّذِينَ لاَ يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ) إِلَى قَوْلِهِ (مُهَانًا) فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ وَمَا يُغْنِى عَنَّا الإِسْلاَمُ وَقَدْ عَدَلْنَا بِاللَّهِ وَقَدْ قَتَلْنَا النَّفْسَ الَّتِى حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ وَأَتَيْنَا الْفَوَاحِشَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ (إِلاَّ مَنْ تَابَ وَآمَنَ وَعَمِلَ عَمَلاً صَالِحًا) إِلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. قَالَ فَأَمَّا مَنْ دَخَلَ فِى الإِسْلاَمِ وَعَقَلَهُ ثُمَّ قَتَلَ فَلاَ تَوْبَةَ لَهُ.

It was narrated that Sa'eed bin Jubair said: "I said to Ibn 'Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them: 'Can one who killed a believer deliberately repent?' He said: 'No.' I recited to him the Verse from Surat Al-Furqan: "And those who invoke not any other ilah (god) along with Allah, nor kill such person as Allah has forbidden, except for just cause ...", to the end of the Verse, and he said: 'That is a Makkan Verse, which was abrogated by the Verse revealed in Al-Madinah: "And whoever kills a believer intentionally, his recompense is Hell, to abide therein..." In the narration of Ibn Hashim: "So I recited to him these Verses from Al-Furqan: Except those who repent..."

حَدَّثَنِى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ بِشْرٍ الْعَبْدِىُّ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى - وَهُوَ ابْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ - عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ حَدَّثَنِى الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ أَبِى بَزَّةَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ لاِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَلِمَنْ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا مِنْ تَوْبَةٍ قَالَ لاَ. قَالَ فَتَلَوْتُ عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ الَّتِى فِى الْفُرْقَانِ ( وَالَّذِينَ لاَ يَدْعُونَ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ وَلاَ يَقْتُلُونَ النَّفْسَ الَّتِى حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلاَّ بِالْحَقِّ) إِلَى آخِرِ الآيَةِ. قَالَ هَذِهِ آيَةٌ مَكِّيَّةٌ نَسَخَتْهَا آيَةٌ مَدَنِيَّةٌ (وَمَنْ يَقْتُلْ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا فَجَزَاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خَالِدًا ). وَفِى رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ هَاشِمٍ فَتَلَوْتُ هَذِهِ الآيَةَ الَّتِى فِى الْفُرْقَانِ (إِلاَّ مَنْ تَابَ)