Anas bin Malik said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: A surah has just been revealed to me. He then recited: ”In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful. Lo! We have given thee Abundance” until he finished it. Then he asked: Do you know what Abundance (al-Kawthar) is? They replied: Allah and His Messenger know it better. He said: It is a river of which my Lord, the Exalted, the Majestic has promised me to give in Paradise.

حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادُ بْنُ السَّرِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ الْمُخْتَارِ بْنِ فُلْفُلٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏يَقُولُ:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ "أُنْزِلَتْ عَلَيَّ آنِفًا سُورَةٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَرَأَ:‏‏‏‏ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ إِنَّا أَعْطَيْنَاكَ الْكَوْثَرَ سورة الكوثر آية 1 حَتَّى خَتَمَهَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ هَلْ تَدْرُونَ مَا الْكَوْثَرُ ؟ قَالُوا:‏‏‏‏ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ فَإِنَّهُ نَهْرٌ وَعَدَنِيهِ رَبِّي فِي الْجَنَّةِ".

Urwah reported on the authority of Aishah mentioning the incident of slander. She said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sat and unveiled his face and said: “I take refuge in Allah, All-Hearing, All-Knowing from the accursed devil. Lo! They who spread the slander are a gang among you. ” Abu Dawud said: This is a rejected (munkar) tradition. A group of narrators have reported this tradition from al-Zuhri; but did not mention this detail. I am afraid the phrase concerning “seeking refuge in Allah” is the statement of Humaid.

حَدَّثَنَا قَطَنُ بْنُ نُسَيْرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا جَعْفَرٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدٌ الْأَعْرَجُ الْمَكِّيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَذَكَرَ الْإِفْكَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَتْ:‏‏‏‏ جَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَكَشَفَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "أَعُوذُ بِالسَّمِيعِ الْعَلِيمِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ إِنَّ الَّذِينَ جَاءُوا بِالإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِنْكُمْ سورة النور آية 11 الْآيَةَ"، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد:‏‏‏‏ وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ مُنْكَرٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَدْ رَوَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ جَمَاعَةٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏لَمْ يَذْكُرُوا هَذَا الْكَلَامَ عَلَى هَذَا الشَّرْحِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَأَخَافُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَمْرُ الِاسْتِعَاذَةِ مِنْ كَلَامِ حُمَيْدٍ.

Narrated Uthman ibn Affan:: Yazid al-Farisi said: I heard Ibn Abbas say: I asked Uthman ibn Affan: What moved you to put the (Surah) al-Baraah which belongs to the mi'in (surahs) (containing one hundred verses) and the (Surah) al-Anfal which belongs to the mathani (Surahs) in the category of as-sab'u at-tiwal (the first long surah or chapters of the Quran), and you did not write "In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful" between them? Uthman replied: When the verses of the Quran were revealed to the Prophet ﷺ, he called someone to write them down for him and said to him: Put this verse in the surah in which such and such has been mentioned; and when one or two verses were revealed, he used to say similarly (regarding them). (Surah) al-Anfal is the first surah that was revealed at Madina, and (Surah) al-Baraah was revealed last in the Quran, and its contents were similar to those of al-Anfal. I, therefore, thought that it was a part of al-Anfal. Hence I put them in the category of as-sab'u at-tiwal (the seven lengthy surahs), and I did not write "In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful" between them.

أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْنٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَخْبَرَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَوْفٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ يَزِيدَ الْفَارِسِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قُلْتُ لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ مَا حَمَلَكُمْ أَنْ عَمَدْتُمْ إِلَى بَرَاءَةَ وَهِيَ مِنَ الْمِئِينَ وَإِلَى الْأَنْفَالِ وَهِيَ مِنَ الْمَثَانِي، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَجَعَلْتُمُوهُمَا فِي السَّبْعِ الطِّوَالِ وَلَمْ تَكْتُبُوا بَيْنَهُمَا سَطْرَ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ؟ قَالَ عُثْمَانُ:‏‏‏‏ "كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِمَّا تَنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِ الْآيَاتُ فَيَدْعُو بَعْضَ مَنْ كَانَ يَكْتُبُ لَهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَيَقُولُ لَهُ:‏‏‏‏ ضَعْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ فِي السُّورَةِ الَّتِي يُذْكَرُ فِيهَا كَذَا وَكَذَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَتَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِ الْآيَةُ وَالْآيَتَانِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَيَقُولُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَكَانَتْ الْأَنْفَالُ مِنْ أَوَّلِ مَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَكَانَتْ بَرَاءَةُ مِنْ آخِرِ مَا نَزَلَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَكَانَتْ قِصَّتُهَا شَبِيهَةً بِقِصَّتِهَا فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهَا مِنْهَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَمِنْ هُنَاكَ وَضَعْتُهَا فِي السَّبْعِ الطِّوَالِ وَلَمْ أَكْتُبْ بَيْنَهُمَا سَطْرَ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ".

The above mentioned tradition has been reported by ibn abbas through a different chain of narrators to the same effect. This version adds: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ died, but he did not mention to us that surah al baraah ins a part of al-anfal. Abu Dawood said: Al-sha’bl, Abu Malik, Qatadah, and Thabit bin Umarah said: The prophet ﷺ did not write”In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful” until Surah al-naml was revealed. This is the meaning of what they said. Further, this is a mursal traditional (omitting the name of the companion)

حَدَّثَنَا زِيَادُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا مَرْوَانُ يَعْنِي ابْنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَخْبَرَنَا عَوْفٌ الْأَعْرَابِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ يَزِيدَ الْفَارِسِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏بِمَعْنَاهُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ فِيهِ:‏‏‏‏ فَقُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَلَمْ يُبَيِّنْ لَنَا أَنَّهَا مِنْهَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَأَبُو مَالِكٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقَتَادَةُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَثَابِتُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ:‏‏‏‏ إِنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَمْ يَكْتُبْ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ حَتَّى نَزَلَتْ سُورَةُ النَّمْلِ هَذَا مَعْنَاهُ.

Ibn Abbas said: The prophet ﷺ did not distinguish between the two surahs until the words “In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the merciful” was revealed to him. These are the words of Ibn al-sarh.

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَابْنُ السَّرْحِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالُوا:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَمْرٍو، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ قُتَيْبَةُ فِيهِ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَا يَعْرِفُ فَصْلَ السُّورَةِ حَتَّى تَنَزَّلَ عَلَيْهِ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ"، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَهَذَا لَفْظُ ابْنِ السَّرْحِ.

Abu Qatadah reported the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as saying: I stand up to pray and intend to prolong it; but when I hear the cry of a boy I shorten if for fear that his mother might be distressed.

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَبِشْرُ بْنُ بَكْرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ الْأَوْزَاعِيِّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِيهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ "إِنِّي لَأَقُومُ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ وَأَنَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُطَوِّلَ فِيهَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَأَسْمَعُ بُكَاءَ الصَّبِيِّ فَأَتَجَوَّزُ كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ أَشُقَّ عَلَى أُمِّهِ".

Jabir said: Muadh bin Jabal used to pray along with the prophet ﷺ; then he returned and led us in prayer. Sometimes he (the narrator) said: then he returned and led his people in prayer. One night the prophet ﷺ delayed the prayer. Sometimes he (the narrator) mentioned the word “the night prayer”. Then Muadh prayed along with the Prophet ﷺ, then returned to his people and led them in prayer, and recited surah al-baqrah. A mane turned aside and prayed alone. The people said to him: Have you become a hypocrite, so and so? He replied: I did not become a hypocrite. He then came to the prophet ﷺ and said (to him): Messenger of Allah. Muadh prays along with you and then returns and leads us in prayers. We look after camels used for watering and work for by day. De came to us leading us In prayer, and he recited Surah al-Baqrah (in prayer). He (the prophet) said: Muadh, are you a trouble maker? Recite such an d such ; recite such and such (surahs) The narrator Abu al-zubair said (recite) “Glorify the name of the most high lord” (surah lxxxvii. ) and “By the night when it covers over” (surah xcii. ) we mentioned this to Amr. He said I think he mentioned it (the names of some surahs).

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَمْرٍو، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَسَمِعَهُ مِنْ جَابِرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ "كَانَ مُعَاذٌ يُصَلِّي مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ فَيَؤُمُّنَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ مَرَّةً:‏‏‏‏ ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ فَيُصَلِّي بِقَوْمِهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَأَخَّرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لَيْلَةً الصَّلَاةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَقَالَ مَرَّةً:‏‏‏‏ الْعِشَاءَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَصَلَّى مُعَاذٌ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ جَاءَ يَؤُمُّ قَوْمَهُ فَقَرَأَ الْبَقَرَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَاعْتَزَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَصَلَّى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقِيلَ:‏‏‏‏ نَافَقْتَ يَا فُلَانُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ مَا نَافَقْتُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ إِنَّ مُعَاذًا يُصَلِّي مَعَكَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ فَيَؤُمُّنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَإِنَّمَا نَحْنُ أَصْحَابُ نَوَاضِحَ وَنَعْمَلُ بِأَيْدِينَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَإِنَّهُ جَاءَ يَؤُمُّنَا فَقَرَأَ بِسُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ يَا مُعَاذُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَفَتَّانٌ أَنْتَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَفَتَّانٌ أَنْتَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏اقْرَأْ بِكَذَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏اقْرَأْ بِكَذَا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ:‏‏‏‏ بِ سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ الأَعْلَى، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى". فَذَكَرْنَا لِعَمْرٍو، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أُرَاهُ قَدْ ذَكَرَهُ.

Hazm bin Ubayy bin Kaab said that he came to Muadh bin Jabal who was leading the people in the sunset prayer. According to this version, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: O Muadh, do not become a trouble, because the aged, the weak, the needy and the traveler pray behind you.

حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا طَالِبُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ جَابِرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏يُحَدِّثُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ حَزْمِ بْنِ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنَّهُ أَتَى مُعَاذَ بْنَ جَبَلٍ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي بِقَوْمٍ صَلَاةَ الْمَغْرِبِ فِي هَذَا الْخَبَرِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ يَا مُعَاذُ"لَا تَكُنْ فَتَّانًا، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَإِنَّهُ يُصَلِّي وَرَاءَكَ الْكَبِيرُ وَالضَّعِيفُ وَذُو الْحَاجَةِ وَالْمُسَافِرُ".

Narrated Some Companions of the Prophet: Abu Salih reported on the authority of some Companions of the Prophet ﷺ: The Prophet ﷺ said to a person: what do you say in prayer? He replied: I first recite tashahhud (supplication recited in sitting position), and then I say: O Allah, I ask Thee for Paradise, and I seek refuge in Thee from Hell-Fire, but I do not understand your sound and the sound of Muadh (what you say or he says in prayer). The Prophet ﷺ said: We too go around it (paradise and Hell-fire).

حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ زَائِدَةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ بَعْضِ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِرَجُلٍ:‏‏‏‏ "كَيْفَ تَقُولُ فِي الصَّلَاةِ ؟ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَتَشَهَّدُ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَأَقُولُ:‏‏‏‏ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ النَّارِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَمَا إِنِّي لَا أُحْسِنُ دَنْدَنَتَكَ وَلَا دَنْدَنَةَ مُعَاذٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ حَوْلَهَا نُدَنْدِنُ".

Jabir narrated the story of Muadh and said: The prophet ﷺ said to a youth: My nephew, what do you do in prayer? He replied: I recited fatihat al-katab and I ask Allah for paradise and seek his refuge from hell-fire I do not understand well your sound and the sound of Muadh. The prophet ﷺ said: I and Muadh go around both (paradise and Hell-fire), or he said something similar.

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَجْلَانَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مِقْسَمٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ جَابِرٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏ذَكَرَ قِصَّةَ مُعَاذٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ وَقَالَ يَعْنِي النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِلْفَتَى:‏‏‏‏ "كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي إِذَا صَلَّيْتَ ؟ قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَقْرَأُ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَأَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ الْجَنَّةَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَأَعُوذُ بِهِ مِنَ النَّارِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَإِنِّي لَا أَدْرِي مَا دَنْدَنَتُكَ وَلَا دَنْدَنَةُ مُعَاذٍ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ:‏‏‏‏ إِنِّي وَمُعَاذٌ حَوْلَ هَاتَيْنِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَوْ نَحْوَ هَذَا".