It was narrated that Salamah bin Al-Akwa [may Allah be pleased with them] said: “During Ramadan at the time of the Messenger of Allah, whoever among us wanted to fast did so, and whoever among us wanted to break the fast and pay the Fidyah did so, until this verse was revealed: ...So whoever of you sights (the crescent on the first night of ) the month (of Ramadan i.e. is resent at his home), he must observe Sawm (fasts) that month’...”[2]

حَدَّثَنِى عَمْرُو بْنُ سَوَّادٍ الْعَامِرِىُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الأَشَجِّ عَنْ يَزِيدَ مَوْلَى سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الأَكْوَعِ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الأَكْوَعِ - رضى الله عنه - أَنَّهُ قَالَ كُنَّا فِى رَمَضَانَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- مَنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ فَافْتَدَى بِطَعَامِ مِسْكِينٍ حَتَّى أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ (فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ)

It was narrated from Zuhair: “Yahya bin Saeed narrated to us from Abu Salamah, who said: ‘I heard Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her] say: I would owe Ramadan fasts, and I would not be able to make them up until Shaban. Because of being busy with the Messenger of Allah, or for the Messenger of Allah.”

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ يُونُسَ حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنْ أَبِى سَلَمَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ - رضى الله عنها - تَقُولُ كَانَ يَكُونُ عَلَىَّ الصَّوْمُ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَمَا أَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ أَقْضِيَهُ إِلاَّ فِى شَعْبَانَ الشُّغُلُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- أَوْ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم-

It was narrated from Muhammad bin Ibrahim, from Abu Salamah bin Abdur-Rahman, from Aishah [may Allah be pleased with her] that she said: “If one of us did not fast [in Ramadan] during the time of the Messenger of Allah, she would not be able to make it us with the Messenger of Allah, until Shaban came.”

وَحَدَّثَنِى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِى عُمَرَ الْمَكِّىُّ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الدَّرَاوَرْدِىُّ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْهَادِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِى سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ - رضى الله عنها - أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ إِنْ كَانَتْ إِحْدَانَا لَتُفْطِرُ فِى زَمَانِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فَمَا تَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَنْ تَقْضِيَهُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- حَتَّى يَأْتِىَ شَعْبَانُ.

It was narrated from Aishah [may Allah be pleased with her] that the Messenger of Allah said: “Whoever dies owing any (obligatory) fasts, his Wali (relative) should make them up on his behalf.”

وَحَدَّثَنِى هَارُونُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الأَيْلِىُّ وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ عِيسَى قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِى جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ - رضى الله عنها - أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قَالَ « مَنْ مَاتَ وَعَلَيْهِ صِيَامٌ صَامَ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ ».

It was narrated from Ibn Abbas [may Allah be pleased with them] that a woman came to the Messenger of Allah and said: “My mother has dies, and she owed one month of fasting.” He said: “Don’t you think that if she owed a debt, you would pay it off?” She said: “Yes,” He said: “The debt owed to Allah is more deserving of being paid off.”

وَحَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ الْبَطِينِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - رضى الله عنهما - أَنَّ امْرَأَةً أَتَتْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ أُمِّى مَاتَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا صَوْمُ شَهْرٍ. فَقَالَ « أَرَأَيْتِ لَوْ كَانَ عَلَيْهَا دَيْنٌ أَكُنْتِ تَقْضِينَهُ ». قَالَتْ نَعَمْ. قَالَ « فَدَيْنُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ بِالْقَضَاءِ ».

It was narrated that Ibn Abbas [may Allah be pleased with them] said: “A man came to the Prophet and said: “O Messenger of Allah, my mother has dies and she owed one month’s fasting. Shall I make it upon her behalf?’ He said: ‘Don’t you think that if your mother owed a debt, you would pay it off on her behalf?’ He said: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘The debt owed to Allah is more deserving of being paid off.”(One of the narrators) Sulaiman said: “When we were sitting and Muslim narrated this Hadith, Al-Hakam and Salamah bin Kuhail both said: ‘We heard Mujahid quote this from Ibn Abbas.”

وَحَدَّثَنِى أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْوَكِيعِىُّ حَدَّثَنَا حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِىٍّ عَنْ زَائِدَةَ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ مُسْلِمٍ الْبَطِينِ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - رضى الله عنهما - قَالَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِىِّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أُمِّى مَاتَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا صَوْمُ شَهْرٍ أَفَأَقْضِيهِ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ « لَوْ كَانَ عَلَى أُمِّكَ دَيْنٌ أَكُنْتَ قَاضِيَهُ عَنْهَا ». قَالَ نَعَمْ. قَالَ « فَدَيْنُ اللَّهِ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يُقْضَى ». قَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ فَقَالَ الْحَكَمُ وَسَلَمَةُ بْنُ كُهَيْلٍ جَمِيعًا وَنَحْنُ جُلُوسٌ حِينَ حَدَّثَ مُسْلِمٌ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ فَقَالاَ سَمِعْنَا مُجَاهِدًا يَذْكُرُ هَذَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ.

It was narrated that Ibn Abbas said: “A woman came to the Messenger of Allah and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, my mother has dies and she owed a fast that she vowed to observe; shall I fast it on her behalf? He said: ‘Don’t you think that if your mother owed a debt and you would pay it off, that would settle the matter on her behalf?’ She said: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘Then fast on behalf of your mother.”

وَحَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ وَابْنُ أَبِى خَلَفٍ وَعَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ جَمِيعًا عَنْ زَكَرِيَّاءَ بْنِ عَدِىٍّ - قَالَ عَبْدٌ حَدَّثَنِى زَكَرِيَّاءُ بْنُ عَدِىٍّ - أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرٍو عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَبِى أُنَيْسَةَ حَدَّثَنَا الْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُتَيْبَةَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - رضى الله عنهما - قَالَ جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أُمِّى مَاتَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا صَوْمُ نَذْرٍ أَفَأَصُومُ عَنْهَا قَالَ « أَرَأَيْتِ لَوْ كَانَ عَلَى أُمِّكِ دَيْنٌ فَقَضَيْتِيهِ أَكَانَ يُؤَدِّى ذَلِكِ عَنْهَا ». قَالَتْ نَعَمْ. قَالَ « فَصُومِى عَنْ أُمِّكِ ».

It was narrated from Abdullah bin Buraidah that his father [may Allah be pleased with them] said: “While I was sitting with the Messenger of Allah, a woman came to him and said: ‘I gave a slave woman in charity to my mother, then she said:’ He said: ‘Your reward is assured, and she (the slave woman) has been returned to you as an inheritance.’ She said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, she owed one month’s fasting, should I fast on her behalf?’ He said: ‘Fast on her behalf.’ She said: She never went for Hajj, should I perform Hajj on her behalf? He said: Perform Hajj on her behalf.”

وَحَدَّثَنِى عَلِىُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ السَّعْدِىُّ حَدَّثَنَا عَلِىُّ بْنُ مُسْهِرٍ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ بَيْنَا أَنَا جَالِسٌ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- إِذْ أَتَتْهُ امْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَتْ إِنِّى تَصَدَّقْتُ عَلَى أُمِّى بِجَارِيَةٍ وَإِنَّهَا مَاتَتْ - قَالَ - فَقَالَ « وَجَبَ أَجْرُكِ وَرَدَّهَا عَلَيْكِ الْمِيرَاثُ ». قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ عَلَيْهَا صَوْمُ شَهْرٍ أَفَأَصُومُ عَنْهَا قَالَ « صُومِى عَنْهَا ».قَالَتْ إِنَّهَا لَمْ تَحُجَّ قَطُّ أَفَأَحُجُّ عَنْهَا قَالَ « حُجِّى عَنْهَا ».

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah [may Allah be pleased with them] that the Prophet said: “If one of you is invited to eat when he is fasting, let him say: ‘I am fasting.’”

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ وَعَمْرٌو النَّاقِدُ وَزُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ أَبِى الزِّنَادِ عَنِ الأَعْرَجِ عَنْ أَبِى هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ رِوَايَةً وَقَالَ عَمْرٌو يَبْلُغُ بِهِ النَّبِىَّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- وَقَالَ زُهَيْرٌ عَنِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قَالَ « إِذَا دُعِىَ أَحَدُكُمْ إِلَى طَعَامٍ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ فَلْيَقُلْ إِنِّى صَائِمٌ ».

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah [may Allah be pleased with them] that the Prophet said: “If one of you starts his day fasting, let him not engage in any obscene or ignorant speech, and if someone insults him or argues with him, let him say: ‘I am fasting, I am fasting.’”

حَدَّثَنِى زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ أَبِى الزِّنَادِ عَنِ الأَعْرَجِ عَنْ أَبِى هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - رِوَايَةً قَالَ « إِذَا أَصْبَحَ أَحَدُكُمْ يَوْمًا صَائِمًا فَلاَ يَرْفُثْ وَلاَ يَجْهَلْ فَإِنِ امْرُؤٌ شَاتَمَهُ أَوْ قَاتَلَهُ فَلْيَقُلْ إِنِّى صَائِمٌ إِنِّى صَائِمٌ ».