It was narrated that Abdur-Rehman bin Yazid said: “Al-Ashath bin Qais entered upon Abdullah when he was eating his lunch. He said: ‘O Abu Muhammad, come and eat.’ He said: ‘isn’t today Ashura?’ He said: ‘Do you know what the day of Ashura is?’ He said: ‘What is it?’ He said: ‘It is a day that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) used to fast before (fasting during) the month of Ramadan was enjoined, it was abandoned. ’”Abu Kuraib said: “He abandoned it.”

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو كُرَيْبٍ جَمِيعًا عَنْ أَبِى مُعَاوِيَةَ قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ عَنْ عُمَارَةَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ دَخَلَ الأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ يَتَغَدَّى فَقَالَ يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ ادْنُ إِلَى الْغَدَاءِ. فَقَالَ أَوَلَيْسَ الْيَوْمُ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ قَالَ وَهَلْ تَدْرِى مَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ قَالَ وَمَا هُوَ قَالَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ يَوْمٌ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- يَصُومُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ تُرِكَ. وَقَالَ أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ تَرَكَهُ.

It was narrated that Jabir bin Samurah [may Allah be pleased with them] said: “The Messenger of Allah used to enjoin us, and encourage us, to fast on the day of Ashura, and he used to check on us when that day came, When (fasting during) Ramadan was enjoined, he neither commanded us nor forbade us, and he did not check on us.”

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى أَخْبَرَنَا شَيْبَانُ عَنْ أَشْعَثَ بْنِ أَبِى الشَّعْثَاءِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِى ثَوْرٍ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- يَأْمُرُنَا بِصِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ وَيَحُثُّنَا عَلَيْهِ وَيَتَعَاهَدُنَا عِنْدَهُ فَلَمَّا فُرِضَ رَمَضَانُ لَمْ يَأْمُرْنَا وَلَمْ يَنْهَنَا وَلَمْ يَتَعَاهَدْنَا عِنْدَهُ.

Humaid bin Abdur Rahman narrated that he heard Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan delivering a Khutbah in Al-Madinah - meaning, on jone jof his visits there - on the day of Ashura, in which he said: “Where are your scholars, O people of Al-Madinah? I heard the Messenger of Allah say concerning this day: ‘This is the day of Ashura and Allah has not enjoined you to fast (on this day) and I am fasting. So whoever among you wants to fast, let him do so, and whoever among you does not want to fast, let him not do so.”

حَدَّثَنِى حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِى يُونُسُ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَخْبَرَنِى حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِى سُفْيَانَ خَطِيبًا بِالْمَدِينَةِ - يَعْنِى فِى قَدْمَةٍ قَدِمَهَا - خَطَبَهُمْ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ أَيْنَ عُلَمَاؤُكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- يَقُولُ لِهَذَا الْيَوْمِ « هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ وَلَمْ يَكْتُبِ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامَهُ وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يَصُومَ فَلْيَصُمْ وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ ».

It was narrated that Ibn Abbas [may Allah be pleased with them] said: “The Messenger of Allah came to Al-Madinah, and he found the Jews fasting on the day of Ashura. They were asked about that and they said: ‘This is the day on which Allah granted victory to Musa and the Children of Israel over Firawn (Pharaoh). We fast on this day out of reverence for it. The Prophet said: ‘We are closer to Musa than you, and he enjoined fasting on that day.”

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى أَخْبَرَنَا هُشَيْمٌ عَنْ أَبِى بِشْرٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - رضى الله عنهما - قَالَ قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- الْمَدِينَةَ فَوَجَدَ الْيَهُودَ يَصُومُونَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَسُئِلُوا عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالُوا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِى أَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ مُوسَى وَبَنِى إِسْرَائِيلَ عَلَى فِرْعَوْنَ فَنَحْنُ نَصُومُهُ تَعْظِيمًا لَهُ. فَقَالَ النَّبِىُّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- « نَحْنُ أَوْلَى بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ ». فَأَمَرَ بِصَوْمِهِ.

It was narrated from Ibn Abbas [may Allah be pleased with them] that the Messenger of Allah came to Al-Madinah and found the Jews fasting on the day of Ashura. The Messenger of Allah said to them: “What is this day that you are fasting?” They said: “This is a great day, on which Allah saved Musa and his people, and drowned Firawn (Pharaoh) and his people. Musa fasted on this day out of gratitude and we fast it too,” The Messenger of Allah said: “We are more entitled to be closer to Musa than you,” and the Messenger of Allah fasted (on this day) and enjoined fasting on it.

وَحَدَّثَنِى ابْنُ أَبِى عُمَرَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - رضى الله عنهما - أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَوَجَدَ الْيَهُودَ صِيَامًا يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- « مَا هَذَا الْيَوْمُ الَّذِى تَصُومُونَهُ ». فَقَالُوا هَذَا يَوْمٌ عَظِيمٌ أَنْجَى اللَّهُ فِيهِ مُوسَى وَقَوْمَهُ وَغَرَّقَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَقَوْمَهُ فَصَامَهُ مُوسَى شُكْرًا فَنَحْنُ نَصُومُهُ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- « فَنَحْنُ أَحَقُّ وَأَوْلَى بِمُوسَى مِنْكُمْ ». فَصَامَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ.

It was narrated from Ubaidullah bin Abi Yazid that he heard Ibn Abbas [may Allah be pleased with them] being asked about fasing on the day of Ashura. He said: “I do not know that the Messenger of Allah singled out any day for fasting, regarding it as superior to other days, apart from this day, or any month apart from this month” - meaning Ramadan.

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ وَعَمْرٌو النَّاقِدُ جَمِيعًا عَنْ سُفْيَانَ - قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ - عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِى يَزِيدَ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ - رضى الله عنهما - وَسُئِلَ عَنْ صِيَامِ يَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ. فَقَالَ مَا عَلِمْتُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- صَامَ يَوْمًا يَطْلُبُ فَضْلَهُ عَلَى الأَيَّامِ إِلاَّ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ وَلاَ شَهْرًا إِلاَّ هَذَا الشَّهْرَ يَعْنِى رَمَضَانَ.

It was narrated that Al-Hakam bin Al-Araj said: “I came to Ibn Abbas [may Allah be pleased with them] while he was reclining on his Rida at Zamzam and said to him: ‘Tell me about the fast of Ashura.’ He said: ‘When you see the crescent of Muharram, then count, and fast on the ninth day.’ I said: ‘Is this how the Messenger of Allah used to fast it?’ He said: ‘Yes.”

وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ عَنْ حَاجِبِ بْنِ عُمَرَ عَنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ الأَعْرَجِ قَالَ انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - رضى الله عنهما - وَهُوَ مُتَوَسِّدٌ رِدَاءَهُ فِى زَمْزَمَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَخْبِرْنِى عَنْ صَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ. فَقَالَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ هِلاَلَ الْمُحَرَّمِ فَاعْدُدْ وَأَصْبِحْ يَوْمَ التَّاسِعِ صَائِمًا. قُلْتُ هَكَذَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- يَصُومُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

Abu Ghatafan bin Tarif Al-Murri said: “I heard Abdullah bin Abbas [may Allah be pleased with them] say: When the Messenger of Allah fasted on the day of Ashura and enjoined this fast, they said: “O Messenger of Allah, it is a day that is venerated by the Jews and Christians.” The Messenger of Allah said: “Next year - if Allah wills - we will fast on the ninth day.” He said: ‘But the next year the Messenger of Allah had passed away.”’

وَحَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِىٍّ الْحُلْوَانِىُّ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِى مَرْيَمَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ حَدَّثَنِى إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا غَطَفَانَ بْنَ طَرِيفٍ الْمُرِّىَّ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ - رضى الله عنهما - يَقُولُ حِينَ صَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَأَمَرَ بِصِيَامِهِ قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ يَوْمٌ تُعَظِّمُهُ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- « فَإِذَا كَانَ الْعَامُ الْمُقْبِلُ - إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ - صُمْنَا الْيَوْمَ التَّاسِعَ ». قَالَ فَلَمْ يَأْتِ الْعَامُ الْمُقْبِلُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّىَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم-.

It was narrated that Salamah bin Al-Akwa said: “The Messenger of Allah sent a man from Aslam on the day of Ashura and told him to announce to the people: ‘Whoever is not fasting, let him fast, and whoever has eaten, let him complete his fast until nightfall.’”

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَنَا حَاتِمٌ - يَعْنِى ابْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ - عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِى عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الأَكْوَعِ - رضى الله عنه - أَنَّهُ قَالَ بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- رَجُلاً مِنْ أَسْلَمَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُؤَذِّنَ فِى النَّاسِ « مَنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَصُمْ فَلْيَصُمْ وَمَنْ كَانَ أَكَلَ فَلْيُتِمَّ صِيَامَهُ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ ».

It was narrated that Ar- Rubayy bint Muawwidh bin Afra said: “On the morning of Ashura, the Messenger of Allah sent word to the villages of the Ansar around Al-Madinah, saying: ‘Whoever started the day fasting, let him complete his fast, and whoever started the day not fasting, let him complete the rest of the day (without food).’”“After that, we used to fast on this day, and we would make our children fast too, even the little ones if Allah wills. And we used to take them to Masjid. We would make them toys out of wool, and if one of them cried for food, we would give (that toy) to him until it was time to break the fast.”

وَحَدَّثَنِى أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ نَافِعٍ الْعَبْدِىُّ حَدَّثَنَا بِشْرُ بْنُ الْمُفَضَّلِ بْنِ لاَحِقٍ حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ ذَكْوَانَ عَنِ الرُّبَيِّعِ بِنْتِ مُعَوِّذِ بْنِ عَفْرَاءَ قَالَتْ أَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- غَدَاةَ عَاشُورَاءَ إِلَى قُرَى الأَنْصَارِ الَّتِى حَوْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ « مَنْ كَانَ أَصْبَحَ صَائِمًا فَلْيُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ أَصْبَحَ مُفْطِرًا فَلْيُتِمَّ بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِ ». فَكُنَّا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ نَصُومُهُ وَنُصَوِّمُ صِبْيَانَنَا الصِّغَارَ مِنْهُمْ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ وَنَذْهَبُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ فَنَجْعَلُ لَهُمُ اللُّعْبَةَ مِنَ الْعِهْنِ فَإِذَا بَكَى أَحَدُهُمْ عَلَى الطَّعَامِ أَعْطَيْنَاهَا إِيَّاهُ عِنْدَ الإِفْطَارِ.