It was narrated from 'Aishah, the wife of the Prophet (s.a.w), that she said: "Prayer was enjoined with two Rak'ah in each prayer, for the resident and the traveler. Then the prayer while traveling was confirmed (as being two Rak'ah) and the prayer while a resident increased."

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ عَنْ صَالِحِ بْنِ كَيْسَانَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ فُرِضَتِ الصَّلاَةُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فِى الْحَضَرِ وَالسَّفَرِ فَأُقِرَّتْ صَلاَةُ السَّفَرِ وَزِيدَ فِى صَلاَةِ الْحَضَرِ.

It was narrated from Az-Zuhri from 'Urwah, from 'Aishah that when the prayer was first enjoined it was two Rak'ah, then the prayer for the traveling was confirmed (as being two Rak'ah) and the prayer while a resident was completed. Az-Zuhri said: "I said to 'Urwah: 'Why did 'Aishah complete the prayer when traveling?' He said: 'Because she interpreted it as 'Uthman did."'

وَحَدَّثَنِى عَلِىُّ بْنُ خَشْرَمٍ أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنِ الزُّهْرِىِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ الصَّلاَةَ أَوَّلَ مَا فُرِضَتْ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَأُقِرَّتْ صَلاَةُ السَّفَرِ وَأُتِمَّتْ صَلاَةُ الْحَضَرِ. قَالَ الزُّهْرِىُّ فَقُلْتُ لِعُرْوَةَ مَا بَالُ عَائِشَةَ تُتِمُّ فِى السَّفَرِ قَالَ إِنَّهَا تَأَوَّلَتْ كَمَا تَأَوَّلَ عُثْمَانُ.

It was narrated that Ya'la bin Umayyah said: "I said to 'Umar bin Al-Khattab: '...There is no sin on you if you shorten As-Salat (the prayer) if you fear that the disbelievers may put you in trial (attack you)..." But now the people are safe.' He said: 'I wondered the same thing as you are wondering, and I asked the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) about that. He said: It is a charity that Allah has bestowed upon you, so accept His charity.'"

وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو كُرَيْبٍ وَزُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ أَخْبَرَنَا وَقَالَ الآخَرُونَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِى عَمَّارٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بَابَيْهِ عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ قَالَ قُلْتُ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ( لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَقْصُرُوا مِنَ الصَّلاَةِ إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا) فَقَدْ أَمِنَ النَّاسُ فَقَالَ عَجِبْتُ مِمَّا عَجِبْتَ مِنْهُ فَسَأَلْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- عَنْ ذَلِكَ. فَقَالَ « صَدَقَةٌ تَصَدَّقَ اللَّهُ بِهَا عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْبَلُوا صَدَقَتَهُ ».

It was narrated that Ibn 'Abbas said: "Allah enjoined the prayer on the tongue of your Prophet (s.a.w); four (Rak'ah) while a resident, two Rak'ah when traveling, and one Rak'ah during times of fear."

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ وَأَبُو الرَّبِيعِ وَقُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالَ يَحْيَى أَخْبَرَنَا وَقَالَ الآخَرُونَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الأَخْنَسِ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الصَّلاَةَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّكُمْ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فِى الْحَضَرِ أَرْبَعًا وَفِى السَّفَرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَفِى الْخَوْفِ رَكْعَةً.

It was narrated that Ibn 'Abbas said: "Allah enjoined the prayer on the tongue of your Prophet (s.a.w): Two Rak'ah for the traveler, four (Rak'ah) for the resident, and during times of fear, one Rak'ah."

وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ وَعَمْرٌو النَّاقِدُ جَمِيعًا عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ - قَالَ عَمْرٌو حَدَّثَنَا قَاسِمُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْمُزَنِىُّ - حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ بْنُ عَائِذٍ الطَّائِىُّ عَنْ بُكَيْرِ بْنِ الأَخْنَسِ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَرَضَ الصَّلاَةَ عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّكُمْ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- عَلَى الْمُسَافِرِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَعَلَى الْمُقِيمِ أَرْبَعًا وَفِى الْخَوْفِ رَكْعَةً.

'Isa bin Hafs? bin "Asim bin 'Umar bin Al-Khattab narrated that his father said: "I accompanied Ibn 'Umar on the road to Makkah.'' He said: "He led us in praying Zuhr with two Rak'ah, then he went ahead and we went ahead with him, until he came to his encampment and sat down, and we sat with him. He glanced towards the place where he had prayed, and saw some people standing. He said: "What are these people doing?" I said: "They are offering voluntary prayers.'' He said: "If I had wanted to offer voluntary prayers I would have completed my prayer (by making it four Rak'ah ). O son of my brother, I accompanied the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) when travelling, and he did not pray more than two Rak'ah until Allah took his soul (in death). I accompanied Abu Bakr and he did not pray more than two Rak'ah until Allah took his soul (in death). I accompanied 'Umar and he did not pray more than two Rak'ah until Allah took his soul (in death). I accompanied 'Uthman and he did not pray more than two Rak'ah until Allah took his soul (in death). And Allah, the Most High, says: "Indeed in the Messenger of Allah you have a good example to follow...'"

وَحَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ بْنِ قَعْنَبٍ حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ صَحِبْتُ ابْنَ عُمَرَ فِى طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ - قَالَ - فَصَلَّى لَنَا الظُّهْرَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ وَأَقْبَلْنَا مَعَهُ حَتَّى جَاءَ رَحْلَهُ وَجَلَسَ وَجَلَسْنَا مَعَهُ فَحَانَتْ مِنْهُ الْتِفَاتَةٌ نَحْوَ حَيْثُ صَلَّى فَرَأَى نَاسًا قِيَامًا فَقَالَ مَا يَصْنَعُ هَؤُلاَءِ قُلْتُ يُسَبِّحُونَ. قَالَ لَوْ كُنْتُ مُسَبِّحًا لأَتْمَمْتُ صَلاَتِى يَا ابْنَ أَخِى إِنِّى صَحِبْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فِى السَّفَرِ فَلَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ وَصَحِبْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ وَصَحِبْتُ عُمَرَ فَلَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ صَحِبْتُ عُثْمَانَ فَلَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى قَبَضَهُ اللَّهُ وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ (لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ ).

It was narrated that Hafs bin "Asim said: "I fell sick and Ibn 'Umar came to visit me. I asked him about praying voluntary when traveling. He said: 'I accompanied the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) when traveling and I did not see him offer voluntary prayers. If I were to pray voluntary prayers I would have completed my prayer (by making it four Rak'ah ). Allah, the Most High, says: Indeed in the Messenger of Allah you have a good example to follow...'"

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ - يَعْنِى ابْنَ زُرَيْعٍ - عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ عَاصِمٍ قَالَ مَرِضْتُ مَرَضًا فَجَاءَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَعُودُنِى قَالَ وَسَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ السُّبْحَةِ فِى السَّفَرِ فَقَالَ صَحِبْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فِى السَّفَرِ فَمَا رَأَيْتُهُ يُسَبِّحُ وَلَوْ كُنْتُ مُسَبِّحًا لأَتْمَمْتُ وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى (لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ إِسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ)

It was narrated from Anas bin Malik that the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) prayed Zuhr in Al-Madinah with four (Rak'ah), and he prayed 'Asr in Dhul-Hulaifah with two Rak'ah.

حَدَّثَنَا خَلَفُ بْنُ هِشَامٍ وَأَبُو الرَّبِيعِ الزَّهْرَانِىُّ وَقُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالُوا حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ وَهُوَ ابْنُ زَيْدٍ ح وَحَدَّثَنِى زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ وَيَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ كِلاَهُمَا عَنْ أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِى قِلاَبَةَ عَنْ أَنَسٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَرْبَعًا وَصَلَّى الْعَصْرَ بِذِى الْحُلَيْفَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ.

It was narrated that Yahya bin Yazid Al-Huna'i said: "I asked Anas bin Malik about shortening the prayer and he said: 'If the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) went out for a distance of three miles or three Farasakhs' - Sbu'bah was not sure - 'he would pray two Rak'ah."'

وَحَدَّثَنَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ كِلاَهُمَا عَنْ غُنْدَرٍ - قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ غُنْدَرٌ - عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ يَزِيدَ الْهُنَائِىِّ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ عَنْ قَصْرِ الصَّلاَةِ فَقَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- إِذَا خَرَجَ مَسِيرَةَ ثَلاَثَةِ أَمْيَالٍ أَوْ ثَلاَثَةِ فَرَاسِخَ - شُعْبَةُ الشَّاكُّ - صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ.

It was narrated that Jubair bin Nufair said: "I went out with Shurahbil bin As-Simt to a village that was seventeen or eighteen miles away, and he prayed two Rak'ah. I said something to him and he said: 'I saw 'Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, pray two Rak'ah in Dhul-Hulaifah, and I said something to him, and he said: 'I only do what I saw the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) do.'"

حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ جَمِيعًا عَنِ ابْنِ مَهْدِىٍّ - قَالَ زُهَيْرٌ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مَهْدِىٍّ - حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ خُمَيْرٍ عَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ نُفَيْرٍ قَالَ خَرَجْتُ مَعَ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنِ السِّمْطِ إِلَى قَرْيَةٍ عَلَى رَأْسِ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ أَوْ ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ مِيلاً فَصَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ. فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَقَالَ رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ صَلَّى بِذِى الْحُلَيْفَةِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا أَفْعَلُ كَمَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- يَفْعَلُ.