Abu Salamah bin Al-Akwa' said: We went out on the campaign to Hawazin with the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w). Whilst we were having lunch with the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w), a man came on a red camel and made it kneel, then he took a piece of leather from his belt and tied the camel with it, then he came and ate with the people, and he started looking around. Among us were those who were weak and had no mounts, and some of us were on foot. Then he rushed out, went to his camel, untethered it, made it kneel and sat on it, then he urged it and the camel took off with him. Another man followed him on a brown she-camel. Salamah said: I went out running, and I was by the haunch of the she-camel, then I went ahead until I was by the haunch of the (other) camel, then I went ahead until I grabbed hold of the camel's reins and made it kneel down. When it placed its knees on the ground I drew my sword and struck the man's head, and he fell down. Then I brought the camel, driving it, and his luggage and weapons were on it. The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) and the people met me, and he said: "Who killed the man?" They said: Ibn Al-Akwa'. He said: "All his (the slain man's) belongings are his."

حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ يُونُسَ الْحَنَفِىُّ حَدَّثَنَا عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ حَدَّثَنِى إِيَاسُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ حَدَّثَنِى أَبِى سَلَمَةُ بْنُ الأَكْوَعِ قَالَ غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- هَوَازِنَ فَبَيْنَا نَحْنُ نَتَضَحَّى مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- إِذْ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى جَمَلٍ أَحْمَرَ فَأَنَاخَهُ ثُمَّ انْتَزَعَ طَلَقًا مِنْ حَقَبِهِ فَقَيَّدَ بِهِ الْجَمَلَ ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ يَتَغَدَّى مَعَ الْقَوْمِ وَجَعَلَ يَنْظُرُ وَفِينَا ضَعْفَةٌ وَرِقَّةٌ فِى الظَّهْرِ وَبَعْضُنَا مُشَاةٌ إِذْ خَرَجَ يَشْتَدُّ فَأَتَى جَمَلَهُ فَأَطْلَقَ قَيْدَهُ ثُمَّ أَنَاخَهُ وَقَعَدَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَثَارَهُ فَاشْتَدَّ بِهِ الْجَمَلُ فَاتَّبَعَهُ رَجُلٌ عَلَى نَاقَةٍ وَرْقَاءَ. قَالَ سَلَمَةُ وَخَرَجْتُ أَشْتَدُّ فَكُنْتُ عِنْدَ وَرِكِ النَّاقَةِ. ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمْتُ حَتَّى كُنْتُ عِنْدَ وَرِكِ الْجَمَلِ ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمْتُ حَتَّى أَخَذْتُ بِخِطَامِ الْجَمَلِ فَأَنَخْتُهُ فَلَمَّا وَضَعَ رُكْبَتَهُ فِى الأَرْضِ اخْتَرَطْتُ سَيْفِى فَضَرَبْتُ رَأْسَ الرَّجُلِ فَنَدَرَ ثُمَّ جِئْتُ بِالْجَمَلِ أَقُودُهُ عَلَيْهِ رَحْلُهُ وَسِلاَحُهُ فَاسْتَقْبَلَنِى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- وَالنَّاسُ مَعَهُ فَقَالَ « مَنْ قَتَلَ الرَّجُلَ ». قَالُوا ابْنُ الأَكْوَعِ. قَالَ « لَهُ سَلَبُهُ أَجْمَعُ ».

Iyas bin Salamah said: My father told me: We attacked Fazarah, and Abu Bakr was in charge of us; the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) had appointed him in command of us. When there was an hour between us and the water, Abu Bakr told us to make a stop at the end of the night. Then led us in a raid and we reached the water, and we killed some of them and took some of them as prisoners. I looked at a group of people, among whom were children, and I was afraid that they would reach the mountain before me, so I shot an arrow between them and the mountain, and when they saw the arrow, they stopped, then I brought them, driving them along. Among them was a woman of Banu Fazarah who was wearing a leather coat, and with her was her daughter who was one of the most beautiful of the Arabs. I brought them to Abu Bakr, and Abu Bakr gave me her daughter as a prize. We came to Al-Madinah and I had not yet come close to her, and the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) met me in the marketplace and said: "O Salamah, give that woman to me." I said: O Messenger of Allah, I like her but I have not yet come close to her. Then the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) met me in the marketplace the next day and said to me: "O Salamah, give me that woman, may Allah bless your father." I said: She is yours, O Messenger of Allah. By Allah, I have not yet come close to her. The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) sent her to the people of Makkah, and thus ransomed some Muslims who had been held captive in Makkah.

حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ يُونُسَ حَدَّثَنَا عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ حَدَّثَنِى إِيَاسُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ حَدَّثَنِى أَبِى قَالَ غَزَوْنَا فَزَارَةَ وَعَلَيْنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَمَّرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- عَلَيْنَا فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْمَاءِ سَاعَةٌ أَمَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَعَرَّسْنَا ثُمَّ شَنَّ الْغَارَةَ فَوَرَدَ الْمَاءَ فَقَتَلَ مَنْ قَتَلَ عَلَيْهِ وَسَبَى وَأَنْظُرُ إِلَى عُنُقٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ فِيهِمُ الذَّرَارِىُّ فَخَشِيتُ أَنْ يَسْبِقُونِى إِلَى الْجَبَلِ فَرَمَيْتُ بِسَهْمٍ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْجَبَلِ فَلَمَّا رَأَوُا السَّهْمَ وَقَفُوا فَجِئْتُ بِهِمْ أَسُوقُهُمْ وَفِيهِمُ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَنِى فَزَارَةَ عَلَيْهَا قِشْعٌ مِنْ أَدَمٍ - قَالَ الْقِشْعُ النِّطَعُ - مَعَهَا ابْنَةٌ لَهَا مِنْ أَحْسَنِ الْعَرَبِ فَسُقْتُهُمْ حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ بِهِمْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَنَفَّلَنِى أَبُو بَكْرٍ ابْنَتَهَا فَقَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ وَمَا كَشَفْتُ لَهَا ثَوْبًا فَلَقِيَنِى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فِى السُّوقِ فَقَالَ « يَا سَلَمَةُ هَبْ لِى الْمَرْأَةَ ». فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ أَعْجَبَتْنِى وَمَا كَشَفْتُ لَهَا ثَوْبًا ثُمَّ لَقِيَنِى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- مِنَ الْغَدِ فِى السُّوقِ فَقَالَ لِى « يَا سَلَمَةُ هَبْ لِى الْمَرْأَةَ لِلَّهِ أَبُوكَ ». فَقُلْتُ هِىَ لَكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا كَشَفْتُ لَهَا ثَوْبًا فَبَعَثَ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- إِلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ فَفَدَى بِهَا نَاسًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَانُوا أُسِرُوا بِمَكَّةَ.

It was narrated that Hammam bin Munabbih said: This is what Abu Hurairah narrated to us from Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w), and he mentioned a number of Ahadith, including the following: The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said: "If you come to a town (and take it peacefully) and stay there, then you have your share in it, but any town that disobeys Allah and His Messenger (and is seized by force), one fifth of it is for Allah and His Messenger (s.a.w) then the rest is for you."

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ هَمَّامِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قَالَ هَذَا مَا حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فَذَكَرَ أَحَادِيثَ مِنْهَا وَقَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- « أَيُّمَا قَرْيَةٍ أَتَيْتُمُوهَا وَأَقَمْتُمْ فِيهَا فَسَهْمُكُمْ فِيهَا وَأَيُّمَا قَرْيَةٍ عَصَتِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَإِنَّ خُمُسَهَا لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ هِىَ لَكُمْ ».

It was narrated that 'Umar said: The wealth of Banu An-Nadir was among the Fai' that Allah granted to His Messenger (s.a.w), where the Muslims did not undertake any expedition with their cavalry or camelry. It was only for the Prophet (s.a.w), and he used to spend it on the annual expenditure of his family, and whatever was left he spent on animals (for fighting) and weapons, in preparation for (Jihad) for the sake of Allah.

حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ - وَاللَّفْظُ لاِبْنِ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ - قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ أَخْبَرَنَا وَقَالَ الآخَرُونَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَمْرٍو عَنِ الزُّهْرِىِّ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ قَالَ كَانَتْ أَمْوَالُ بَنِى النَّضِيرِ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِمَّا لَمْ يُوجِفْ عَلَيْهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِخَيْلٍ وَلاَ رِكَابٍ فَكَانَتْ لِلنَّبِىِّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- خَاصَّةً فَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ وَمَا بَقِىَ يَجْعَلُهُ فِى الْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلاَحِ عُدَّةً فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ.

Malik bin Aws said: 'Umar bin Al-Khattab sent for me, and I came to him when the sun had risen high. I found him in his house, lying on his mattress, reclining on a leather pillow. He said to me: O Malik, some of your people have come to me for urgent help and I have ordered that they be given a little money. Take it and divide it among them. I said: Would that you had ordered someone else to do this. He said: Take it, O Malik. Then Yarfa' came to him and said: O Amir Al-Mu'minin, will you let 'Uthman, 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Awf, Az-Zubair and Sa'd come in? 'Umar said: Yes, so he let them in, and they came in. Then he came and said: Will you let 'Abbas and 'Ali come in? He said: Yes, so he let them in. 'Abbas said: O Amir Al-Mu'minin, will you judge between me and this treacherous, betraying, sinful liar? The people said: Yes, O Amir Al-Mu'minin, judge between them and let them settle the matter. - Malik bin Aws said: I could well imagine that they had sent them on ahead for that purpose. - 'Umar said: Wait a minute. I adjure you by Allah, by Whose permission the heavens and earth exist, do you know that the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said: "We (Prophets) have no heirs and whatever we leave behind is charity"? They said: Yes. Then he turned to Al-'Abbas and 'Ali and said: I adjure you by Allah, by Whose permission the heavens and earth exist, do you know that the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said: "We (Prophets) have no heirs and whatever we leave behind is charity"? They said: Yes. 'Umar said: Allah bestowed upon His Messenger (s.a.w) that which He did not bestow upon anyone else. He said: "What Allah gave as booty (Fai') to His Messenger (Muhammad (s.a.w))from the people of the townships - it is for Allah, His Messenger (Muhammad (s.a.w))" [Al-Hashr 59:7] - I do not know whether he recited the Verse that comes before it or not-. He said: The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) divided the wealth of Banu An-Nadir among you, and by Allah, he did not prefer himself over you, and he did not take it and exclude you, until this property was left. The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) used to take his annual expenditure from it, and spend an equal amount for the sake of Allah. Then he said: I adjure you by Allah, by Whose permission the heavens and earth exist, do you know that? They said: Yes. Then he adjured 'Abbas and 'Ali as he had adjured the others: Do you know that? They said: Yes. He said: When the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) died, Abu Bakr said: I am the successor of the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w), and you came seeking your inheritance from the son of your brother, and this one came seeking the inheritance of his wife from her father, and Abu Bakr said: The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said: "We (Prophets) have no heirs and whatever we leave behind is charity". You thought that he was lying, sinning, cheating and betraying, but Allah knows that he was honest, righteous, well guided and following the truth. Then Abu Bakr died, and I am the successor of the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) and the successor of Abu Bakr. You think that I am lying, sinning, cheating and betraying, but Allah knows that I am honest, righteous, well guided and following the truth. I became the guardian (of this property) and you and he came to me, both with the same purpose. You said: Give it to us, and I said: If you wish, I will give it to you, on condition that you pledge to Allah that you will use it as the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) used it, and you took it on that basis. He said: Is that not so? They said: Yes. He said: Then you came to me, to judge between you. No, by Allah, I will not judge between you in any other way until the Hour begins. If you are unable (to fulfill the condition), then give it back to me.

وَحَدَّثَنِى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَسْمَاءَ الضُّبَعِىُّ حَدَّثَنَا جُوَيْرِيَةُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِىِّ أَنَّ مَالِكَ بْنَ أَوْسٍ حَدَّثَهُ قَالَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَىَّ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَجِئْتُهُ حِينَ تَعَالَى النَّهَارُ - قَالَ - فَوَجَدْتُهُ فِى بَيْتِهِ جَالِسًا عَلَى سَرِيرٍ مُفْضِيًا إِلَى رِمَالِهِ مُتَّكِئًا عَلَى وِسَادَةٍ مِنْ أَدَمٍ. فَقَالَ لِى يَا مَالُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ دَفَّ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ وَقَدْ أَمَرْتُ فِيهِمْ بِرَضْخٍ فَخُذْهُ فَاقْسِمْهُ بَيْنَهُمْ - قَالَ - قُلْتُ لَوْ أَمَرْتَ بِهَذَا غَيْرِى قَالَ خُذْهُ يَا مَالُ. قَالَ فَجَاءَ يَرْفَا فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فِى عُثْمَانَ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَالزُّبَيْرِ وَسَعْدٍ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ نَعَمْ. فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ فَدَخَلُوا ثُمَّ جَاءَ. فَقَالَ هَلْ لَكَ فِى عَبَّاسٍ وَعَلِىٍّ قَالَ نَعَمْ. فَأَذِنَ لَهُمَا فَقَالَ عَبَّاسٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْضِ بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَ هَذَا الْكَاذِبِ الآثِمِ الْغَادِرِ الْخَائِنِ. فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ أَجَلْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَاقْضِ بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَرِحْهُمْ. فَقَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ يُخَيَّلُ إِلَىَّ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ كَانُوا قَدَّمُوهُمْ لِذَلِكَ - فَقَالَ عُمَرُ اتَّئِدَا أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِى بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قَالَ « لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ ». قَالُوا نَعَمْ. ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْعَبَّاسِ وَعَلِىٍّ فَقَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللَّهِ الَّذِى بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قَالَ « لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ صَدَقَةٌ ». قَالاَ نَعَمْ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَهُ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- بِخَاصَّةٍ لَمْ يُخَصِّصْ بِهَا أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ قَالَ (مَا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ) مَا أَدْرِى هَلْ قَرَأَ الآيَةَ الَّتِى قَبْلَهَا أَمْ لاَ. قَالَ فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- بَيْنَكُمْ أَمْوَالَ بَنِى النَّضِيرِ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا اسْتَأْثَرَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَلاَ أَخَذَهَا دُونَكُمْ حَتَّى بَقِىَ هَذَا الْمَالُ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِىَ أُسْوَةَ الْمَالِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِى بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالأَرْضُ أَتَعْلَمُونَ ذَلِكَ قَالُوا نَعَمْ. ثُمَّ نَشَدَ عَبَّاسًا وَعَلِيًّا بِمِثْلِ مَا نَشَدَ بِهِ الْقَوْمَ أَتَعْلَمَانِ ذَلِكَ قَالاَ نَعَمْ. قَالَ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّىَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنَا وَلِىُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فَجِئْتُمَا تَطْلُبُ مِيرَاثَكَ مِنَ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ وَيَطْلُبُ هَذَا مِيرَاثَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- « مَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ ». فَرَأَيْتُمَاهُ كَاذِبًا آثِمًا غَادِرًا خَائِنًا وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ ثُمَّ تُوُفِّىَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَنَا وَلِىُّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- وَوَلِىُّ أَبِى بَكْرٍ فَرَأَيْتُمَانِى كَاذِبًا آثِمًا غَادِرًا خَائِنًا وَاللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنِّى لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّ فَوَلِيتُهَا ثُمَّ جِئْتَنِى أَنْتَ وَهَذَا وَأَنْتُمَا جَمِيعٌ وَأَمْرُكُمَا وَاحِدٌ فَقُلْتُمَا ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَا فَقُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتُمْ دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكُمَا عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللَّهِ أَنْ تَعْمَلاَ فِيهَا بِالَّذِى كَانَ يَعْمَلُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فَأَخَذْتُمَاهَا بِذَلِكَ قَالَ أَكَذَلِكَ قَالاَ نَعَمْ. قَالَ ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِى لأَقْضِىَ بَيْنَكُمَا وَلاَ وَاللَّهِ لاَ أَقْضِى بَيْنَكُمَا بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَرُدَّاهَا إِلَىَّ.

It was narrated that Malik bin Aws bin Al-Hadathan said: 'Umar bin Al-Khattab sent for me and said: some families of your people have come to me... a Hadith like that of Malik (no. 4578), except that it says ('Umar bin Al-Khattab said): He (s.a.w) used to spend his annual expenditure on his family from it. And Ma'mar said: he would keep his family's annual sustenance from it, then whatever was left he would spend in the cause of Allah.

حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ وَعَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ - قَالَ ابْنُ رَافِعٍ حَدَّثَنَا وَقَالَ الآخَرَانِ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ - أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِىِّ عَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ الْحَدَثَانِ قَالَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَىَّ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ قَدْ حَضَرَ أَهْلُ أَبْيَاتٍ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ. بِنَحْوِ حَدِيثِ مَالِكٍ. غَيْرَ أَنَّ فِيهِ فَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ سَنَةً وَرُبَّمَا قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ يَحْبِسُ قُوتَ أَهْلِهِ مِنْهُ سَنَةً ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِىَ مِنْهُ مَجْعَلَ مَالِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ.

It was narrated that 'Aishah said: When the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) died, the wives of the Prophet (s.a.w) wanted to end 'Uthman bin 'Affan to Abu Bakr, to ask him for their inheritance from the Prophet (s.a.w). 'Aishah said to them: Didn't the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) say: "We (Prophets) have no heirs and whatever we leave behind is charity"?

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى قَالَ قَرَأْتُ عَلَى مَالِكٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ إِنَّ أَزْوَاجَ النَّبِىِّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- حِينَ تُوُفِّىَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- أَرَدْنَ أَنْ يَبْعَثْنَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ إِلَى أَبِى بَكْرٍ فَيَسْأَلْنَهُ مِيرَاثَهُنَّ مِنَ النَّبِىِّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ لَهُنَّ أَلَيْسَ قَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- « لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ ».

It was narrated from 'Aishah that Fatimah, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w), sent word to Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, asking for her inheritance from the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w), from the booty that Allah had granted him in Al-Madinah and Fadak, and what was left of the booty of Khaibar. Abu Bakr said: The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said: "We (Prophets) have no heirs and whatever we leave behind is charity. Rather the family of Muhammad may live on the income of these properties." By Allah, I will not change any of the charity of the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) from how it was at the time of the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w), and I will do the same with it as the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) did. Abu Bakr refused to give Fatimah anything, and Fatimah felt angry with Abu Bakr for that, and she forsook him and did not speak to him until she died, and she lived for six months after the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w), When she died, her husband 'Ali bin Abi Talib buried her at night, and did not tell Abu Bakr about that, and 'Ali offered the funeral prayer for her. 'Ali was held in special esteem among the people during Fatimah's lifetime, but when she died, 'Ali noticed a change in the people's attitude towards him. He sought to reconcile with Abu Bakr and swear allegiance to him, as he had not sworn allegiance to him all those months. He sent word to Abu Bakr saying: Come to us and do not bring anyone else with you - objecting to the presence of 'Umar bin Al-Khattab. 'Umar said to Abu Bakr: By Allah, you should not enter upon them alone. Abu Bakr said: What will they do to me? By Allah, I will go to them. So Abu Bakr entered upon them, and 'Ali bin Abi Talib recited the Tashah-hud, then he said: O Abu Bakr, we acknowledge your virtue and what Allah has given you. We do not envy you for any favor that Allah has bestowed upon you, but you did it without consulting us and we thought that we had the right (to be consulted) because of our kinship with the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w). He kept speaking to Abu Bakr until Abu Bakr's eyes filled with tears. When Abu Bakr spoke, he said: By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, kinship with the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) is dearer to me than kinship with my own people. As for this dispute that occurred between me and you concerning these properties, I have not deviated from the right path with regard to them, and I have not given up something that I saw the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) do with them, rather I have done it too. 'Ali said to Abu Bakr: Your appointment for my oath of allegiance is this afternoon. When Abu Bakr had prayed Zuhr, he ascended the Minbar and recited the Tashah-hud, and he spoke of 'Ali and his delay in swearing allegiance, and the excuse that he had given, then he prayed for his forgiveness. And 'Ali bin Abi Talib recited the Tashah-hud and spoke highly of Abu Bakr, and said that what he had done was not due to jealousy of Abu Bakr, or a refusal to accept the favor that Allah had bestowed upon him, but we thought that we should have had a share in the matter, but it had been decided without consulting us, and we were upset with that. The Muslims were pleased with this and said: You have done the right thing. Then the Muslims became closer to 'Ali, when he did the right thing.

حَدَّثَنِى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ أَخْبَرَنَا حُجَيْنٌ حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثٌ عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- أَرْسَلَتْ إِلَى أَبِى بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَفَدَكٍ وَمَا بَقِىَ مِنْ خُمْسِ خَيْبَرَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قَالَ « لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ إِنَّمَا يَأْكُلُ آلُ مُحَمَّدٍ - -صلى الله عليه وسلم- - فِى هَذَا الْمَالِ ». وَإِنِّى وَاللَّهِ لاَ أُغَيِّرُ شَيْئًا مِنْ صَدَقَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- عَنْ حَالِهَا الَّتِى كَانَتْ عَلَيْهَا فِى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- وَلأَعْمَلَنَّ فِيهَا بِمَا عَمِلَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ شَيْئًا فَوَجَدَتْ فَاطِمَةُ عَلَى أَبِى بَكْرٍ فِى ذَلِكَ - قَالَ - فَهَجَرَتْهُ فَلَمْ تُكَلِّمْهُ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ وَعَاشَتْ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَتْ دَفَنَهَا زَوْجُهَا عَلِىُّ بْنُ أَبِى طَالِبٍ لَيْلاً وَلَمْ يُؤْذِنْ بِهَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهَا عَلِىٌّ وَكَانَ لِعَلِىٍّ مِنَ النَّاسِ وِجْهَةٌ حَيَاةَ فَاطِمَةَ فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَتِ اسْتَنْكَرَ عَلِىٌّ وُجُوهَ النَّاسِ فَالْتَمَسَ مُصَالَحَةَ أَبِى بَكْرٍ وَمُبَايَعَتَهُ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ بَايَعَ تِلْكَ الأَشْهُرَ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى أَبِى بَكْرٍ أَنِ ائْتِنَا وَلاَ يَأْتِنَا مَعَكَ أَحَدٌ - كَرَاهِيَةَ مَحْضَرِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ - فَقَالَ عُمَرُ لأَبِى بَكْرٍ وَاللَّهِ لاَ تَدْخُلْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَحْدَكَ. فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَمَا عَسَاهُمْ أَنْ يَفْعَلُوا بِى إِنِّى وَاللَّهِ لآتِيَنَّهُمْ. فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ. فَتَشَهَّدَ عَلِىُّ بْنُ أَبِى طَالِبٍ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّا قَدْ عَرَفْنَا يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَضِيلَتَكَ وَمَا أَعْطَاكَ اللَّهُ وَلَمْ نَنْفَسْ عَلَيْكَ خَيْرًا سَاقَهُ اللَّهُ إِلَيْكَ وَلَكِنَّكَ اسْتَبْدَدْتَ عَلَيْنَا بِالأَمْرِ وَكُنَّا نَحْنُ نَرَى لَنَا حَقًّا لِقَرَابَتِنَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم-. فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُكَلِّمُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ حَتَّى فَاضَتْ عَيْنَا أَبِى بَكْرٍ فَلَمَّا تَكَلَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَالَ وَالَّذِى نَفْسِى بِيَدِهِ لَقَرَابَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- أَحَبُّ إِلَىَّ أَنْ أَصِلَ مِنْ قَرَابَتِى وَأَمَّا الَّذِى شَجَرَ بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَكُمْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الأَمْوَالِ فَإِنِّى لَمْ آلُ فِيهِ عَنِ الْحَقِّ وَلَمْ أَتْرُكْ أَمْرًا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- يَصْنَعُهُ فِيهَا إِلاَّ صَنَعْتُهُ. فَقَالَ عَلِىٌّ لأَبِى بَكْرٍ مَوْعِدُكَ الْعَشِيَّةُ لِلْبَيْعَةِ. فَلَمَّا صَلَّى أَبُو بَكْرٍ صَلاَةَ الظُّهْرِ رَقِىَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ فَتَشَهَّدَ وَذَكَرَ شَأْنَ عَلِىٍّ وَتَخَلُّفَهُ عَنِ الْبَيْعَةِ وَعُذْرَهُ بِالَّذِى اعْتَذَرَ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ اسْتَغْفَرَ وَتَشَهَّدَ عَلِىُّ بْنُ أَبِى طَالِبٍ فَعَظَّمَ حَقَّ أَبِى بَكْرٍ وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَحْمِلْهُ عَلَى الَّذِى صَنَعَ نَفَاسَةً عَلَى أَبِى بَكْرٍ وَلاَ إِنْكَارًا لِلَّذِى فَضَّلَهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ وَلَكِنَّا كُنَّا نَرَى لَنَا فِى الأَمْرِ نَصِيبًا فَاسْتُبِدَّ عَلَيْنَا بِهِ فَوَجَدْنَا فِى أَنْفُسِنَا فَسُرَّ بِذَلِكَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَقَالُوا أَصَبْتَ. فَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِلَى عَلِىٍّ قَرِيبًا حِينَ رَاجَعَ الأَمْرَ الْمَعْرُوفَ.

It was narrated from Aishah that Fatimah and Al-'Abbas came to Abu Bakr seeking their inheritance from the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w). At that time they were asking for his land at Fadak and his share of Khaibar. Abu Bakr said to them: I heard the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w)... and he quoted a Hadith like that of 'Uqail, from Az-Zuhri (no. 4580) , except that he said: Then 'Ali stood up and spoke highly of Abu Bakr, and he mentioned his virtue and the fact that he had been one of the first to enter Islam. Then he went to Abu Bakr and swore allegiance to him, and the people came to 'Ali and said: You have done the right thing, you have done well. And the people became close to 'Ali when he did the right thing.

حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ وَعَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ ابْنُ رَافِعٍ حَدَّثَنَا وَقَالَ الآخَرَانِ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِىِّ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ وَالْعَبَّاسَ أَتَيَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ يَلْتَمِسَانِ مِيرَاثَهُمَا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- وَهُمَا حِينَئِذٍ يَطْلُبَانِ أَرْضَهُ مِنْ فَدَكٍ وَسَهْمَهُ مِنْ خَيْبَرَ. فَقَالَ لَهُمَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِنِّى سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم-. وَسَاقَ الْحَدِيثَ بِمِثْلِ مَعْنَى حَدِيثِ عُقَيْلٍ عَنِ الزُّهْرِىِّ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَامَ عَلِىٌّ فَعَظَّمَ مِنْ حَقِّ أَبِى بَكْرٍ وَذَكَرَ فَضِيلَتَهُ وَسَابِقَتَهُ ثُمَّ مَضَى إِلَى أَبِى بَكْرٍ فَبَايَعَهُ فَأَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ إِلَى عَلِىٍّ فَقَالُوا أَصَبْتَ وَأَحْسَنْتَ. فَكَانَ النَّاسُ قَرِيبًا إِلَى عَلِىٍّ حِينَ قَارَبَ الأَمْرَ الْمَعْرُوفَ.

'Urwah bin Az-Zubair narrated that 'Aishah, the wife of the Prophet (s.a.w), told him that Fatimah, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w), asked Abu Bakr, after the death of the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w), to give her, her share of inheritance from that which the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) had left behind, of the Fai' that Allah had bestowed upon him. Abu Bakr said to her: The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said: "We (Prophets) have no heirs and whatever we leave behind is charity." She lived for six months after the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w), and Fatimah used to ask Abu Bakr for her share of that which the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) had left behind of Khaibar and Fadak, and his endowments in Al-Madinah, but Abu Bakr refused to give her that He said: I will not stop doing something that the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) used to do, rather I will continue to do it. I am afraid that if I give up something that he did, I will go astray. As for his endowment in Al-Madinah, 'Umar gave it to 'Ali and 'Abbas, but 'Ali took most of it. As for Khaibar and Fadak, 'Umar kept them and said: They are the endowment of the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) and were spent on his responsibilities and on emergencies. They were to be cared for by whoever became caliph, and this remains the case until today.

وَحَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِى ح وَحَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِىٍّ الْحُلْوَانِىُّ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ - وَهُوَ ابْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِى عَنْ صَالِحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ أَخْبَرَنِى عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجَ النَّبِىِّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- أَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنَّ فَاطِمَةَ بِنْتَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- سَأَلَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- أَنْ يَقْسِمَ لَهَا مِيرَاثَهَا مِمَّا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ. فَقَالَ لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قَالَ « لاَ نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَةٌ ». قَالَ وَعَاشَتْ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَكَانَتْ فَاطِمَةُ تَسْأَلُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ نَصِيبَهَا مِمَّا تَرَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- مِنْ خَيْبَرَ وَفَدَكٍ وَصَدَقَتِهِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَأَبَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَيْهَا ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ لَسْتُ تَارِكًا شَيْئًا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- يَعْمَلُ بِهِ إِلاَّ عَمِلْتُ بِهِ إِنِّى أَخْشَى إِنْ تَرَكْتُ شَيْئًا مِنْ أَمْرِهِ أَنْ أَزِيغَ فَأَمَّا صَدَقَتُهُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَدَفَعَهَا عُمَرُ إِلَى عَلِىٍّ وَعَبَّاسٍ فَغَلَبَهُ عَلَيْهَا عَلِىٌّ وَأَمَّا خَيْبَرُ وَفَدَكُ فَأَمْسَكَهُمَا عُمَرُ وَقَالَ هُمَا صَدَقَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- كَانَتَا لِحُقُوقِهِ الَّتِى تَعْرُوهُ وَنَوَائِبِهِ وَأَمْرُهُمَا إِلَى مَنْ وَلِىَ الأَمْرَ قَالَ فَهُمَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْيَوْمِ.