It was narrated that Ibn 'Awn said: I wrote to Nafi' asking him about calling people (to Islam) before fighting. He wrote back to me (saying): That was only at the beginning of Islam. The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) raided Banu Al-Mustaliq when they were unaware, and their cattle were drinking at the water. He killed their warriors and took their women and children captive. On that day - Yahya said: I think he said- Juwayriyah, the daughter of Al-Harith, fell to his lot. He said: And 'Abdullah bin 'Umar narrated this Hadith to me, and he was one of that army.

حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَحْيَى التَّمِيمِىُّ حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمُ بْنُ أَخْضَرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَوْنٍ قَالَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى نَافِعٍ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الدُّعَاءِ قَبْلَ الْقِتَالِ قَالَ فَكَتَبَ إِلَىَّ إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ فِى أَوَّلِ الإِسْلاَمِ قَدْ أَغَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- عَلَى بَنِى الْمُصْطَلِقِ وَهُمْ غَارُّونَ وَأَنْعَامُهُمْ تُسْقَى عَلَى الْمَاءِ فَقَتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتَهُمْ وَسَبَى سَبْيَهُمْ وَأَصَابَ يَوْمَئِذٍ - قَالَ يَحْيَى أَحْسِبُهُ قَالَ - جُوَيْرِيَةَ - أَوْ قَالَ الْبَتَّةَ - ابْنَةَ الْحَارِثِ وَحَدَّثَنِى هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَكَانَ فِى ذَاكَ الْجَيْشِ.

It was narrated from Sulaiman bin Buraidah that his father said: When the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) appointed commanders for an army or expedition, he would advise them personally to fear Allah, exalted and glorified is He, and to be good to those of the Muslims who were under their command. Then he said: "Fight in the Name of Allah, for the sake of Allah. Fight those who disbelieve in Allah. Fight but do not steal from the war booty, do not break your promises, do not mutilate (the dead enemy) and do not kill children. When you meet your enemy among the idolaters, offer them three options, and whichever one they choose, accept it from them and refrain from (fighting) them. Invite them to Islam and if they respond, then accept it from them and refrain from (fighting) them. Then invite them to migrate from their land to the land of the Muhajirin (Al-Madinah), and tell them that if they do that, they will have the same rights and duties as the Muhajirin have. If they refuse to leave, then tell them that they are like the Muslim Bedouin and subject to the same rulings as the believers, but they will have no share of the booty and spoils of war, unless they strive alongside the Muslims. If they refuse, then ask them to pay Jizyah. If they respond, then accept it from them and refrain from (fighting) them. If they refuse that, then seek the help of Allah and fight them. If you lay siege to a stronghold, and the people ask you to promise them the protection of Allah and His Prophet (s.a.w), do not give them the promise of the protection of Allah and His Prophet; rather give them your promise of protection and that of your companions, for then if you break your promise and that of your companions, that is less serious than if the promise of Allah and His Messenger is broken. If you besiege a stronghold and the people want to make a deal on the basis of the ruling of Allah, do not make a deal on the basis of the ruling of Allah, rather make a deal on the basis of your own ruling, for you cannot be certain that you will be able to work out a deal with them that is in accordance with Allah's ruling." 'Abdur-Rahman (a narrator) said this or something similar, and Ishaq added at the end of his Hadith: Yahya bin Adam said: I mentioned this Hadith to Muqatil bin Hayyan and he said: Muslim bin Haysam narrated something similar to me from An-Nu'man bin Muqarrin from the Prophet (s.a.w).

وَحَدَّثَنِى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ هَاشِمٍ - وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ - حَدَّثَنِى عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ - يَعْنِى ابْنَ مَهْدِىٍّ - حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- إِذَا أَمَّرَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى جَيْشٍ أَوْ سَرِيَّةٍ أَوْصَاهُ فِى خَاصَّتِهِ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْرًا ثُمَّ قَالَ « اغْزُوا بِاسْمِ اللَّهِ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ قَاتِلُوا مَنْ كَفَرَ بِاللَّهِ اغْزُوا وَ لاَ تَغُلُّوا وَلاَ تَغْدِرُوا وَلاَ تَمْثُلُوا وَلاَ تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيدًا وَإِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوَّكَ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى ثَلاَثِ خِصَالٍ - أَوْ خِلاَلٍ - فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ مَا أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى الإِسْلاَمِ فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ ثُمَّ ادْعُهُمْ إِلَى التَّحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ إِنْ فَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ فَلَهُمْ مَا لِلْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَعَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَلَى الْمُهَاجِرِينَ فَإِنْ أَبَوْا أَنْ يَتَحَوَّلُوا مِنْهَا فَأَخْبِرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ كَأَعْرَابِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَجْرِى عَلَيْهِمْ حُكْمُ اللَّهِ الَّذِى يَجْرِى عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلاَ يَكُونُ لَهُمْ فِى الْغَنِيمَةِ وَالْفَىْءِ شَىْءٌ إِلاَّ أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا مَعَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوْا فَسَلْهُمُ الْجِزْيَةَ فَإِنْ هُمْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوْا فَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللَّهِ وَقَاتِلْهُمْ. وَإِذَا حَاصَرْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ فَأَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ فَلاَ تَجْعَلْ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وَلاَ ذِمَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ وَلَكِنِ اجْعَلْ لَهُمْ ذِمَّتَكَ وَذِمَّةَ أَصْحَابِكَ فَإِنَّكُمْ أَنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَمَكُمْ وَذِمَمَ أَصْحَابِكُمْ أَهْوَنُ مِنْ أَنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَّةَ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةَ رَسُولِهِ. وَإِذَا حَاصَرْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ فَأَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تُنْزِلَهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ فَلاَ تُنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اللَّهِ وَلَكِنْ أَنْزِلْهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِكَ فَإِنَّكَ لاَ تَدْرِى أَتُصِيبُ حُكْمَ اللَّهِ فِيهِمْ أَمْ لاَ ». قَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ هَذَا أَوْ نَحْوَهُ وَزَادَ إِسْحَاقُ فِى آخِرِ حَدِيثِهِ عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ آدَمَ قَالَ فَذَكَرْتُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ لِمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ - قَالَ يَحْيَى يَعْنِى أَنَّ عَلْقَمَةَ يَقُولُهُ لاِبْنِ حَيَّانَ - فَقَالَ حَدَّثَنِى مُسْلِمُ بْنُ هَيْصَمٍ عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ مُقَرِّنٍ عَنِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- نَحْوَهُ.

It was narrated that Abu Musa said: When the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) sent any of his Companions on a mission, he would say: "Give glad tidings and do not put people off; be easy going and do not be hard on them."

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ وَأَبُو كُرَيْبٍ - وَاللَّفْظُ لأَبِى بَكْرٍ - قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُسَامَةَ عَنْ بُرَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِى بُرْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِى مُوسَى قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- إِذَا بَعَثَ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فِى بَعْضِ أَمْرِهِ قَالَ « بَشِّرُوا وَلاَ تُنَفِّرُوا وَيَسِّرُوا وَلاَ تُعَسِّرُوا ».

It was narrated from Sa'eed bin Abi Burdah, from his father, from his grandfather, that the Prophet (s.a.w) sent him and Mu'adh to Yemen, and he said: "Be easy going and do not be harsh, give glad tidings and do not put people off, cooperate and do not be divided."

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِى بُرْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- بَعَثَهُ وَمُعَاذًا إِلَى الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ « يَسِّرَا وَلاَ تُعَسِّرَا وَبَشِّرَا وَلاَ تُنَفِّرَا وَتَطَاوَعَا وَلاَ تَخْتَلِفَا ».

It was narrated that Abu At-Tayyah said: I heard Anas bin Malik say: The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said: "Be easy going and do not be harsh, give solace and do not put people off."

حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ الْعَنْبَرِىُّ حَدَّثَنَا أَبِى حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ أَبِى التَّيَّاحِ عَنْ أَنَسٍ ح وَحَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ ح وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ كِلاَهُمَا عَنْ شُعْبَةَ عَنْ أَبِى التَّيَّاحِ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَقُولُ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- « يَسِّرُوا وَلاَ تُعَسِّرُوا وَسَكِّنُوا وَلاَ تُنَفِّرُوا ».

It was narrated that Ibn 'Umar said: The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said: "When Allah gathers together the first and the last (of men) on the Day of Resurrection, a banner will be raised for every betrayer and it will be said: This is the betrayal of so-and-so the son of so-and-so."

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِى شَيْبَةَ حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ وَأَبُو أُسَامَةَ ح وَحَدَّثَنِى زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ - يَعْنِى أَبَا قُدَامَةَ السَّرَخْسِىَّ - قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى - وَهُوَ الْقَطَّانُ - كُلُّهُمْ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ح وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ - وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِى حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- « إِذَا جَمَعَ اللَّهُ الأَوَّلِينَ وَالآخِرِينَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُرْفَعُ لِكُلِّ غَادِرٍ لِوَاءٌ فَقِيلَ هَذِهِ غَدْرَةُ فُلاَنِ بْنِ فُلاَنٍ ».

It was narrated from Hamzah and Salim the sons of 'Abdullah that 'Abdullah bin 'Umar said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) say: "For every betrayer there will be a banner on the Day of Resurrection."

حَدَّثَنِى حَرْمَلَةُ بْنُ يَحْيَى أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ أَخْبَرَنِى يُونُسُ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ حَمْزَةَ وَسَالِمٍ ابْنَىْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- يَقُولُ « لِكُلِّ غَادِرٍ لِوَاءٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ».

It was narrated from Abu Sa'eed that the Prophet (s.a.w) said: "Every betrayer will have a banner by his backside on the Day of Resurrection."

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ خُلَيْدٍ عَنْ أَبِى نَضْرَةَ عَنْ أَبِى سَعِيدٍ عَنِ النَّبِىِّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قَالَ « لِكُلِّ غَادِرٍ لِوَاءٌ عِنْدَ اسْتِهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ».

It was narrated that Abu Sa'eed said: The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said: "Every betrayer will have a banner on the Day of Resurrection that will be raised to a level commensurate with his betrayal, and no betrayal is greater than that of a leader of men."

حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ حَدَّثَنَا الْمُسْتَمِرُّ بْنُ الرَّيَّانِ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نَضْرَةَ عَنْ أَبِى سَعِيدٍ قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- « لِكُلِّ غَادِرٍ لِوَاءٌ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يُرْفَعُ لَهُ بِقَدْرِ غَدْرِهِ أَلاَ وَلاَ غَادِرَ أَعْظَمُ غَدْرًا مِنْ أَمِيرِ عَامَّةٍ ».

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (s.a.w) said: "Do not wish to meet the enemy, but when you do meet them, then be steadfast."

حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِىٍّ الْحُلْوَانِىُّ وَعَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَامِرٍ الْعَقَدِىُّ عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ - وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْحِزَامِىُّ - عَنْ أَبِى الزِّنَادِ عَنِ الأَعْرَجِ عَنْ أَبِى هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قَالَ « لاَ تَمَنَّوْا لِقَاءَ الْعَدُوِّ فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ فَاصْبِرُوا ».